Human Trafficking: Information for ESOL Teachers Part I Vania Llovera, M.S., Assistant Director & Robin H. Thompson, J.D., M.A., Program Director Florida State University Center for the Advancement of Human Rights

Project Support and Funding State Leadership Grant from Florida Department of Education 1st year – Curriculum Development 2nd year – Statewide Training Seeking comments and opportunities to provide training and technical support to ESOL programs statewide

Presentation Overview Understanding Human Trafficking Who are Traffickers? Who is Trafficked? Legal Issues Importance in ESOL Resources

Experiences Have you ever encountered a victim of trafficking? How did you know? How might an ESOL program/ teacher encounter a human trafficking situation?

What Is Human Trafficking? Trafficking is the recruitment, harboring, transporting, providing or obtaining, by any means, any person for labor or services involving forced labor, slavery or servitude in any industry, such as forced or coerced participation in agriculture, prostitution, manufacturing, or other industries or in domestic service or marriage.[1] [1] Definition used by the Freedom Network, based on the federal criminal law definitions of trafficking.

Scope of the Problem In the U.S. 14,500-17,500 annually, 80% women and children Globally, accounts range from 600,000 to 4 million people trafficked worldwide each year (United Nations) Twenty seven million people in slavery around the world $9.5 billion business

Three Elements of Trafficking* Recruiting OR Harboring Moving Obtaining a person, 1 PROCESS by Force OR Fraud Coercion 2 MEANS For the purposes of Involuntary Servitude OR Debt Bondage Slavery Sex Trade 3 END For Mod 2 A woman came to see Aurelia’s mother in her Mexican village to offer Aurelia a job as a cook in America. She promised that Aurelia would make $200 per month and could go to school. The woman brought Aurelia into the U.S. by car and took her to a bar in Texas. Aurelia was told she would be working in the bar and had to pay off a $7,500 debt to the owners by working as a prostitute. When Aurelia refused to do the work and asked to go back home, the owners beat her and threatened to harm her mother if she did not do the work. *Freedom Network Training Institute

If you are an ESOL teacher… What should you do? Who should you call? What is your role and responsibility?

Human Trafficking Is On The Increase World poverty has increased Millions of the world’s poor are desperate for economic survival Traffickers prey upon people’s hopes for a better life in a new country

Human Trafficking Is Difficult To Stop The problem is fueled by government corruption in many countries Effective prevention requires international cooperation between law enforcement agencies and many others Trafficking is result of search for cheap labor (people come to the US with a work visa and then are trafficked)

Traffickers Use Brutal Means to Control Their Victims Beatings, burnings, rapes, & starvation Isolation Psychological abuses Threats of deportation Threats against the victim’s family members in the home country Drug/alcohol dependency Withholding of documents Debt bondage

Modern-Day Slavery: A Prison Without Walls* Threats of deportation Withholding documents Threats to family members in home country Isolation Verbal abuse Psychological coercion is often coupled with threatened or actual physical violence and sexual assault *Freedom Network Institute Human Trafficking is commonly referred to as modern-day slavery.. The face of modern-day slavery is a different one than the old form of chattel slavery, characterized by physical chains and forced removal that dominated the transatlantic slave trade . Rather it is a prison with no walls, in which the tactics used are more underhanded and involve psychological coercion in the form of We now see threats of deportation, often victims do not know they are in the country illegally so they are told that after and that in the process the authorities will hold them in jail, and abuse them. Often, victims have their passports and papers confiscated as a control mechanism Traffickers often control victim’s communication with family members, not allowing phone calls or mail to be received Verbal abuse is often used as a way to deplete their self-esteem Physical violence and sexual assault are also common elements in these types of situations.

Video Presentation “Dreams Die Hard” – www.freetheslaves.net Look for elements of trafficking: Process, Means, End ESOL, community, personal life – could YOU have seen these victims?

Who Are Traffickers? Organized crime Neighbors, friends, family members, village chiefs, returnees Labor subcontractors Agricultural operations Owners of small or medium-sized businesses Families (including diplomats and “mom & pop”, small or medium businesses Females as well as males Diplomats

Who Are Traffickers? Often members of the victim’s ethnic or national community In the United States with legal status and maintain close contact with their home country Fluent in English as well as a native language Have significant social or political status in their home countries

Smuggling versus Trafficking* Crime or violation against a person Contains element of coercion (cannot consent to enslavement) Subsequent exploitation and/or forced labor Trafficked persons seen as victims by the law Smuggling Unauthorized border crossing No coercion Facilitated illegal entry of person from one country to another Smuggled persons seen as criminals by the law *Freedom Network Institute

Labor Exploitation On the continuum with human trafficking Labor exploitation can be present without there being trafficking. This is still illegal.

Federal and State Laws The Trafficking Victim Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) Defines new crime of human trafficking under federal law Florida has state human trafficking laws too Both criminalize a variety of human trafficking offenses Federal law increases prison terms for slavery violations from 10 to 20 years and adds life imprisonment Federal law also provides relief to victims and prevention activity in US and globally

What Are The Options For Relief And Recovery?* Criminal prosecution Civil law remedies Repatriation Immigration Even without documentation, every person in the United States is protected by US labor & criminal law. *Freedom Network Institute

Why is it important in ESOL? Due to limited English proficiency, students may be vulnerable Teachers and their students will be able to help others who may be trafficked or be vulnerable Many students feel that their ESOL class is a safe environment To an extent, teachers are service providers to their students

Why is it important in ESOL? (cont’d) Teachers will know what to do if they suspect a student is a victim Teachers will learn to recognize traffickers Students will be able to help themselves and others to know what human trafficking is, how to get help safely and their legal rights Students will know how to guard against recruitment.

Resources in Florida Robin Thompson, Project Director r-t@att.net or 850-907-0693 Vania Llovera, Assistant Executive Director vllovera@admin.fsu.edu Florida State University, Center for the Advancement of Human Rights 850-644-4550; www.cahr.fsu.edu

Resources in Florida Florida Department of Children and Families, Office of Refugee Services, Holly Merrick 850-922-4143 or holly_merrick@dcf.state.fl.us Florida Freedom Partnership: 866-443-0106

Federal Resources Health and Human Services: Referral to aid organization in the victim's area. Toll-free number (888-3737-888) (www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking) Department of Justice: Trafficking in Persons and Worker Exploitation Task Force Complaint Line 1-888-428-7581 (voice and TTY).

End of Part 1 Questions?