Collective Behaviour Dr Andrew Jackson Zoology School of Natural Sciences Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research Trinity College Dublin.

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Presentation transcript:

Collective Behaviour Dr Andrew Jackson Zoology School of Natural Sciences Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research Trinity College Dublin

Examples from Cells to Beasts

Advantageous Information Transfer

Collective Behaviour

Complex Social Environment

from simple individuals…. How do we get … to complex groups?

The basic rules 1.Personal space - cant occupy the same space as someone else 2.Imitation - tend to copy others and will seemingly follow another without prompting 3.Gregarious – they don’t like being on their own, so will move towards others if isolated

Blind Spot Individual Based Model (IBM) Repulsion Orientation Attraction

Local Interactions

Collective behaviour Emerges as a result of interactions between individual “agents”. Properties of the group are not encoded directly by behaviours at the individual level. Patterns emerge through self-organisation of the system

Matlab example

Sensitivity to individual behaviours Vary only the zone of orientation Blind Spot

Swarming Small zone of orientation

Matlab Swarms

Torus (ring-doughnut) patterns Intermediate zone of orientation

Matlab Torus

College Park Torus

Directed Shoal Large zone of orientation

Matlab Directed Shoals

Variation in behaviour Matlab example (swim speed) Individuals are different

Fast-slow video

Finding your way around your group Fast Larger zone of repulsion High Rate of Turning

Subtle behavioural changes Gives evolution an easy (well easier) way to effect dramatic change at the group level pattern – Key concept in developmental biology Don’t need complex cognitive processing and rules to navigate and negotiate the group complex

But clearly some individuals do have information… Collective Decision Making

Coercion is easy

… but depends on numbers

Few informed individuals Crowd video – few informed individuals

Many informed individuals Crowd video – many informed individuals

Conflict of information Crowd video – conflict of information

Few individuals can sway a group Only a small proportion of informed individuals needed to influence the crowd Larger groups need smaller proportion of informed individuals reach a collective decision

Conclusions Complex collective behaviour derived from local interactions between individuals. Group level properties emerge – the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Need to take a holistic approach to these systems.

Suggested Reading Dyer, J. R. G., Johansson, A., Helbing, D., Couzin, I. D., & Krause, J. (2009). Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in humans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1518), [pdf]pdf Couzin, I. D. (2007). Collective minds. Nature, 445(7129), [pdf]pdf Couzin, I. D. (2006). Behavioral Ecology: Social Organization in Fission-Fusion Societies. Current Biology, 16(5), r169-r171. [pdf]pdf Couzin et al Collective memory and spatial sorting in animal groups. J Theor Biol. 218, doidoi I suggest you watch this short 5 minute video about collective behaviour by Prof Iain Couzin and basically anything Iain publishes is pretty cool by me And the starlings are always worth viewing -