GROWING TENSIONS Texas History, Ch. 8

1820s TEXAS SETTLEMENTS Resulted in major changes in trade Texas’ economy was closely tied to the economy of the United States, since most immigrants to Texas came from there.

HADEN EDWARDS Haden Edwards was awarded contract in East Texas, near Nacogdoches Edwards found that settlers were already living on his lands.

HADEN EDWARDS Mexican political chief Jose Antonio Saucedo sympathized with the settlers He told Edwards that he could not charge the settlers for new land titles

REPUBLIC OF FREDONIA Edwards’ brother, Benjamin, and a small group of settlers took over the Old Stone Fort in Nacogdoches They proclaimed themselves an independent country from Mexico.

REPUBLIC OF FREDONIA Mexican soldiers were sent to put down the revolt. Most Fredonians fled into the United States.

OLD STONE FORT Nacogdoches was the site of the 1st clash between colonists and Mexican authorities.

Investigation into Revolt Mier y Teran and 200 Mexican soldiers were sent to Nacogdoches to prevent new uprisings. He observed that the U.S. influence was strong, Anglo American settlers outnumbered Mexican settlers

NEW LAWS In 1829, the president of Mexico issued a decree, or order, abolishing slavery in Mexico and Texas. Texans wanted to be exempt, or excused, from this decree. Law never put into effect, but raised fears among Anglo-American slaveholders.

LAW OF APRIL 6, 1830 New forts created Custom duties were placed on American goods Empresario contracts were suspended Immigration from Mexico continued into Texas

LAW OF APRIL 6, 1830 Ended all immigration from the United States

ANAHUAC Port and Mexican garrison that controlled commerce into Mexico Commanded by John Davis Bradburn

ANAHUAC Bradburn was unpopular with the settlers; he arrested Travis and Jack for interfering with tax collection. Settlers fought back Jose’ Piedras, commander of Nacogdoches garrison, sided with settlers and removed Bradburn from command.

BATTLE OF VELASCO John Austin traveled to get a cannon to fight against Bradburn at Anahuac Mexican troops under Col. Ugartechea would not let Austin and his men pass at Velasco because he thought Austin was a rebel. The two groups fought; Ugartechea and his troops surrendered

TURTLE BAYOU RESOLUTIONS While waiting for John Austin’s return, colonists adopted a resolution declaring their loyalty to Mexico.

MEXICAN REVOLUTION Santa Anna was popular with the colonists because he supported the Constitution of 1824, favored by the Texans. Santa Anna declared he was a Federalist.

CONVENTIONS OF 1832, 1833 Delegates met at San Felipe; resolved that Texas become a separate Mexican state Prepared a constitution for the proposed state

CONVENTIONS OF 1832, 1833 Austin traveled to Mexico City to meet with Santa Anna. Santa Anna agreed to repeal the law restricting immigration from the United States

AUSTIN IS ARRESTED Austin spent a year in jail in Mexico City Cos claimed Santa Anna now rejected the Constitution of 1824. On his return to Texas, Austin was arrested in Saltillo for a letter he had written

MARTIN DE COS Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila Brother-in-law of Santa Anna Angry with Texas colonists over new fighting at Anahuac. Would not accept apology from colonists; wanted to arrest Texas leaders

CONSULTATION OF 1835 Texas colonists concerned about the situation and called for a convention at Washington-On-The-Brazos.

WASHINGTON-ON-THE-BRAZOS

Peace Party vs. War Party Stephen F. Austin returned from Mexico and told delegates to prepare for war. “War is our only resource.”

TEXAS in 1835 He approved the Consultation because he thought Santa Anna was becoming a dictator. Dictator: ruler with absolute power

REVIEW QUESTION Where was the Consultation of 1835 held? Mexico City Washington-on-the-Brazos San Felipe

Washington-On-The-Brazos answer Washington-On-The-Brazos

REVIEW QUESTION Who said, “War is our only resource!”? William B. Travis Stephen F. Austin Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

answer Stephen F. Austin

REVIEW QUESTION Why did Stephen F. Austin approve the Consultation? He thought he would be imprisoned War would not solve any problems Santa Anna was becoming a dictator

He thought Santa Anna was becoming a dictator. answer He thought Santa Anna was becoming a dictator.

REVIEW QUESTION The opening of Texas to settlement in 1820s Texas resulted in what? Major changes in trade War with Spain War with Mexico

answer Major changes in trade

REVIEW QUESTION With which country’s economy was Texas most closely tied? United States France Spain

answer The United States

REVIEW QUESTION All were some of the changes made from the April 6, 1830 law, EXCEPT? New forts were built Immigration from Mexico ended Empressario contracts were suspended

Immigration from Mexico ended answer Immigration from Mexico ended

REVIEW QUESTION Who was Martin de Cos? Representative to the Coahuila y Tejas legislature Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila Governor of Mexico

Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila answer Commander of Mexican forces in Coahuila

REVIEW QUESTION Why was Santa Anna initially popular with the Texas colonists? He declared himself a Centralist He declared himself a Republican He declared himself a Federalist

answer Santa Anna declared he was a Federalist. And, he supported the Mexican Constitution of 1824, favored by the Texans.

REVIEW QUESTION What did the 1829 decree do? Ended immigration to Texas Ended slavery in Mexico, but not in Texas Ended slavery in both Mexico and Texas

It abolished slavery in Mexico, but not in Texas answer It abolished slavery in Mexico, but not in Texas

REVIEW QUESTION What did Empressario Haden Edwards find upon his arrival in Nacogdoches in East Texas? A Native American village A fertile wilderness People already living on the land

People were already living on the land. answer People were already living on the land.

REVIEW QUESTION Where was the site of the 1st clash between Texas colonists and Mexican troops? Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia Washington-on-the-Brazos

The Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches. answer The Old Stone Fort at Nacogdoches.

REVIEW QUESTION What was the name of the independent country proclaimed by Benjamin Edwards? San Felipe Nacogdoches Republic of Fredonia

The Republic of Fredonia answer The Republic of Fredonia

REVIEW QUESTION What were the Turtle Bay Resolutions? Document that Santa Anna promised to support Constitution for the proposed Mexican state of Texas Statements in which colonists declared loyalty to Mexico

Statements in which colonists declared loyalty to Mexico answer Statements in which colonists declared loyalty to Mexico

REVIEW QUESTION After Mier y Teran and 200 Mexican soldiers put down the revolt at Fredonia, what did he observe? Anglo American influence was strong Settlers were mostly Catholic Settlers owned no slaves

Teran observed that the Anglo-America influence was strong. answer Teran observed that the Anglo-America influence was strong.

REVIEW QUESTION Why did Ugartechea try to arrest John Austin at the Battle of Velasco? Austin refused to pay customs duties Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel There was a warrant for Austin’s arrest

Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel. answer Ugartechea thought Austin was a rebel.

REVIEW QUESTION Where were the conventions of 1832 and 1833 held? What was resolved in 1833? San Felipe; to declare Texas a separate Mexican state Washington-on-the-Brazos; to end Mexican rule in Texas Nacogdoches; to accept the Mexican constitution

San Felipe; to declare Texas a separate Mexican state answer San Felipe; to declare Texas a separate Mexican state

REVIEW QUESTION What is an order that has the force of law? Rule Constitution Decree

answer Decree

REVIEW QUESTION Where was Stephen F. Austin imprisoned? Mexico City Coahuila Saltillo

answer Mexico City

REVIEW QUESTION What document did Santa Anna promise to support? Law of April 6, 1830 Turtle Bayou Resolutions Mexican Constitution of 1824

Mexican Constitution of 1824 answer Mexican Constitution of 1824

TEXAS HISTORY CHAPTER 8: Good luck on the test!