INDEX THE SOLAR SYSTEMPLANET EARTH ROTATION OF THE EARTH: DAYS AND NIGHTS REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH: SEASONS OF THE YEAR KEY WORDS

UNIVERSE It is made up of GALAXIES MILKY WAY Contains the SOLAR SYSTEM SUNPLANETSSATELLITESASTEROIDSOthers PLANETS OUTER PLANETS MERCURY VENUS EARTH MARS INNER PLANETS JUPITER SATURN URANUS NEPTUNE DWARF PLANETS CONCEPTUAL MAP

LA TIERRA

It is made up of millions of GALAXIES. Our galaxy is called THE MILKY WAY. Milky Way is a spiral- shaped galaxy. Our Solar System is located in one of the spirals. GALAXIES: They are concentrations of billion of stars held together by gravitational attraction

The Solar System is made up of. – The INNER PLANETS: The INNER PLANETS: Mercury Venus EARTH Mars – These four planets are the closest to the SUN. – The OUTER PLANETS: The OUTER PLANETS Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune – The inner planets are separated from the outer planets by the Asteroid Belt.

THE PLANETS CLICK ON THE NAME OF THE PLANET TO SEE SOME IMAGES

THE SURFACE OF VENUS

WATER IN MARS OLYMPUS MONS

THE PLANETS

They are small bodies of rock and metal that orbit the Sun. ASTEROID BELT: It separates inner planets from outer planets.

They are bodies of rock and metal that orbit a planet

THE EARTH

It is the third inner Planet of the SOLAR SYSTEM. It is called BLUE PLANET. Guess the reason.

The Earth has a surface of km2. (1000 times Spain’s surface). Compare its size with the rest of the Planets from the picture.

It is not a perfect sphere, it is flatted on the poles, because its north-south diametre is shorter than its east-west diametre. It is said that it has a geoid shape. The elipsoid used to represent it has a maximum diametre of km, and the minimum diametre of km.

The Earth is tilted 23º 27’ respect to the vertical axis. The consequences will be explained later.

The Earth is divided in two halves, called hemispheres, by an imaginary line called Equator. The NORTH HEMISPHERE, called boreal or northern hemisphere, has more underwater lands than the south emisphere. The SOUTH HEMISPHERE is the one which has the most surface covered by water, it is also called austral or meridional hemisphere.

Activity Observe the distribution of the lands and oceans on each hemisphere and explain the diferences. In which hemisphere is Spain?

Meridians and parallels  In order to measure the Earth surface several imaginary lines have been drawn. From West to East, the PARALLELS, the main is called EQUATOR and the secondaries are the TROPICS and POLAR CIRCLES. From North to South, the MERIDIANS, the main one is called 0º MERIDIAN or GREENWICH MERIDIAN. System of geographical coordinates. Does the Greenwich Meridian go across Spain?

THE EARTH MOVEMENTS RESEARCH

Earth movement on its axis. Lenght: 24 Hours. Movement direction: The Earth rotates from west to east. Consequences: Succession of days and nights.

ROTATION OF THE EARTH

TIME ZONES The Earth is divided into 24 time zones. Each time zone measures 15º. All the places located in the same time zone have the same time.

MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH TRANSLATION

TRANSLATION Movement of the Earth around the Sun. Duration: 1 solar year: 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 6 hours x 4 = 24 hours-> 1 day ->every 4 years 366 days = leap year

CONSEQUENCES

North Hemisphere SolsticesSummer 21st June largest day Winter 21st December shortest day EquinoxesSpring 21st March day and night the same Autumn 23rd September day and night the same

THE EARTH DOING AN ELIPTIC MOVEMENT

Reinforcement Activity Draw a conceptual map with the seasonal situation in the South Hemisphere.

KEY WORDS EQUATOR HEMISPHERE ROTATION EARTH ORBIT PLANET SATELLITE TIME ZONE SOLAR SYSTEM MILKY WAY

Mª Isabel Alvarez Pilar Bragado Elvira Cañibano Rosario García Teresa García Teresa Pérez Rosa Mª Ríos Esther Sánchez