ENERGY IN OUR LIFE COMENIUS PROJECT LYCEE JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU de MONTMORENCY

The final energy consumption in France is in the form: The consumption of petroleum products (transportation, heating, industrial process...) The consumption of natural gas (heating, industry, housing...) The consumption of electricity (heating, housing, industry,...) The consumption of renewable energy.

In 2008, energy is consumed by households in France and the tertiary sector (43%) by the transport sector (31% of the total final consumption), and industry and agriculture (26%). In 2008, local production (native) of primary energy is 137 Mtoe (mainly nuclear power), total imports account for 172 Mtoe of energy (mainly oil and gas where local production is very low) and exports (electricity and refined products) account for 34 Mtep.

Energy production in France is mainly in the form of electricity generation (121 Mtoe in 2008, a total of 137 Mtoe produced). The production of electricity in France is made for 76.5% by the nuclear industry France; France is the second producer of nuclear energy in the world after the United States. The rest of the production of electricity is supplied from renewable energy sources (hydroelectric, and solar and wind marginally) and heating plants. The power grid is increasingly interconnected with the networks of neighboring countries.

Energy in France A/ The main sources of energy in France. A/ The main sources of energy in France. B/ The energy consumption by source, a chart of comparison between France, €urope and the World. B/ The energy consumption by source, a chart of comparison between France, €urope and the World. C/ Some definitions to understand. C/ Some definitions to understand.

What are the main sources of energy in France? France uses many primary energy to meet their needs. These agents are of different types and sources are the result of imports.

Energy produced in France Renewable energies are energies that are naturally regenerated and inexhaustible to the time scale of our civilization. France has a high Hydraulic and Geothermal potential. It has the largest forest in Western Europe. France is the second largest producer of renewable Energy of EU, mainly through its timber resources and Hydropower. In 2008, renewables provided 13.9% of the French production of Primary energy.

Coal Coal has long been the main source of energy in France. The peak of production was reached during the Industrial revolution. After WWII, the exploitation decreased. And in 1994, Coal Pact was signed by government. It aimed at stopping the exploitation of coal. The last mine still operating, closed in April During this operating period, billion tons of coal were mined, billion tons in the Nord- Pas-De-Calais, 693 in Lorraine and million tons in Centre-Midi

Oil In 2008, about 1 million ton of oil is operated from the French basement against the equivalent of tons of fuel in This represented 1.5% of the annual consumption. the oil IS extracted approximately for 60% from the suburbs of Paris, 40% in Aquitaine and less than 1% in Alsace.

Natural Gas In the 1970s, we produced about 33 % of the internal consumption of the other european countries in natural gas. Because of increasing demand and resource depletion, in 2007, 98% of consumption comes from imports which can provide more and faster. On 1st january 2007, reserves amount to about 6 billion m 3 or 56 years of current production or ½ months of national consumption.

Imported energy France is generally very dependant on imports for fossil fuels.

Petroleum and petroleum products Since 1999, imports of crude oil have fluctuated between 80 and 86 million tons to receive 83 million ton in This oil comes from four main geographical areas: Africa (29%), countries of the former USSR (29%), the middle East (22%) and North Sea (20%).

Coal In 2008, France imported 14.2 Mtoe of Coal mainly from Australia (26%), the United- states (18%), South Africa (15%) and Colombia (9%).

Natural Gas In 2008, France imported 40 Mtoe of Natural Gas. These imports are mainly from Norway (28%),the Netherlands (16%), Algeria (14%) and Russia (13%).

Nuclear Energy The exploration of Uranium started on the national territory in The last uranium mine at Jouac, closed in Nowadays, the natural uranium used in France is fully imported. « Electricité de France », the French nuclear plants’ operator, had, in 2005, uranium stocks equivalent to three times the consumption prediction.

The energy consumption by source, in 1999 (in thousand metric tons oil equivalent) : SourcesFranceEuropeWorld Total Fossils Fuels139,9422,117, Coal and coal products15,267480, Crude oil and natural gas liquids82,404906,0663,563,084 Natural gas34,471786,7872,012,559 Nuclear102,742303,885661,901 Hydroelectric6,22760,8471,097,889 Renewables, excuding hydroelectric10,00164,8451,097,889 Primary solid biomass (includes fuelwood) 9,44056,3741,035,139 Biogas and liquid biomass3731,91914,931 Geothermal117,34,88643,802 Solar17,73902,217 Wind3,11,2271,748 Tide, wave and ocean49,95053

Electricity consumption It is the amount of electricity consumed by each country or region int the year specified. This variable incudes electricity from all energy source. This variable accounts for the amount of electricity consumed by the end user, meaning that losses due to transportation, friction, heat loss and other inefficiencies are not included in this figure. (In Twh)