Chapter 14 Section 2 Totalitarianism

I. A Government of Total Control A. Totalitarianism Totalitarianism- describes a government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life Leaders tend to be dynamic who are capable of building support for policies & justify actions

I. A Government of Total Control A. Totalitarianism Totalitarianism challenges reason, freedom, human dignity, and worth of the individual

B. Police Terror Use terror and violence to force obedience and crush opposition Police serve to enforce govt. policies by spying and intimidation

C. Indoctrination Indoctrination-means instruction in govt.’s beliefs-to mold people’s minds Controlling education to glorify leader and policies to convince citizen’s unconditional loyalty. Best to begin with children

D. Propaganda and Censorship Use biased information to sway people to accept certain beliefs Control of mass media

D. Propaganda and Censorship 3. Film, art, music and publications exist only through the govt. 4. Challenging govt. info is considered treason

E. Religious or Ethnic Persecution Govt. leaders will create “enemies of the state” to place blame for things that go wrong

II. Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State A. A Police State Stalin create this to maintain his power Used tanks and armored cars to stop riots Tapped phone lines, children told on parents, and police arrested and executed millions of so called traitors

Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State A. A Police State 4. 1934, Great Purge- campaign of terror directed at anyone who threatened Stalin’s power-even old Bolsheviks By 1938 when the purge ended Stalin had gained total control and had been responsible for 8-13 million deaths

B. Soviet Propaganda and Censorship Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity that did not conform to his views

D. Education, Indoctrination & Religious Persecution Stalin controlled all education from nursery schools to the universities Leaders preached sacrifice and hard work for the Communist state Stalin wanted to replace religion with the ideals of communism

III. Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy A. An Industrial Revolution Command economy is a system in which the govt. made all economic decisions Stalin sets a 5-year plan that set goals for increasing the production of steel, coal, oil, and electricity but this created shortages in housing, food, & clothing These methods did succeed in producing economic gain

B. An Agricultural Revolution Collective Farms- In 1928 the govt. began to seize over 25 million privately owned farms and combined them into large govt. owned farms Families worked on these farms producing food for the state Kulaks (wealthy peasants) resisted but the Soviet govt. eliminated them

B. An Agricultural Revolution 5-10 million peasants died as a result of Stalin’s agricultural revolution By 1938 more than 90% of all peasants lived on collective farms These farms were effective; wheat production had doubled in 1938

Daily Life Under Stalin Better education Opportunity to master technical skills Women and men equal in communism Women in the Soviet Union could work, get an education By 1950, 75% of Soviet doctors were women Gov’t provided child care

Daily Life Under Stalin Personal freedoms limited/oppression Goods in short supply Women expected to provide the state with future generations of loyal citizens Total social control and terror