Acids and Bases

Acids Acid comes from the Latin word Acidus meaning sour. Most common components of acid is a donatable proton or hydrogen ion (H+).

Properties of Acids Tastes sour. Causes litmus to change from blue to red. Reacts with active metals like Mg, Zn, and Fe to produce hydrogen gas. Reacts with bases to produce water and a salt. Acids are electrolytes.

Properties of Bases Bitter Taste Slippery feel Turn litmus paper blue Turns pink with phenolthalein Reacts with acid to form salt and water Electrolytes

Strong acid or base- An electrolyte that ionizes 100% in aqueous solution. Weak acid or base- Exists in solution as hydronium or hydroxide ions, anions, and dissolved acid or base molecules.

Strong Electrolytes All Soluble Salts HCl, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4, HBr, HI NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

In 1884 a Swedish chemist, Svante Arrhenius, proposed the first definition of an acid that we still use today. An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions. HCl → H+ + Cl-

Arrhenius Base Substance that contains hydroxide ions and dissociates to give hydroxide ions in solution. NaOH → Na++ OH- Alkaline- Solution that contains hydroxide ions from a soluble base.