Scoring Behavior Plans AHAA Seis 2nd Half Scoring Behavior Plans

Try ignoring him.

Key Concept: The behavior plan must specify reactive strategies across four stages: 2) Mid-behavior stage: The problem behavior is fully present and now requires staff to handle the behavior safely through an individualized, careful deescalating of the behavior. This might include specific techniques, calming words, presenting of choices, distraction, and redirection. Each technique will likely be unique to the student. What has worked in the past is important to discuss. Some staff deescalate the student better than others and this should be considered.

Key Concept: The behavior plan must specify reactive strategies across four stages: 3) Problem-solving/Debriefing stage: Debriefing with the student is to review what happened, practice the alternative behavior again, and plan what to do next. 4) Required consequences stage: Clearly written consequences or other team determined actions because of the behavior are important, e.g., school and district disciplinary required actions; calling parents; notifying probation department; attendance at special seminars, detention, and so forth.

Requirement: All implementers must be clear on specifically how to handle behavior to assure safety of all and that the intervention matches the stage of escalation. Method: The behavior team will need to discuss what has worked in the past to alter the problem behavior, and what interventions are required at all four stages of problem behavior.

Example of reactive strategies: Billy Billy’s Behavior Support Plan includes the four stages of reactive strategies as follows: 1. Beginning Behavior Stage: Use gestures Billy has been taught that are cues to Billy to use the alternative protest, i.e., call the teacher over to protest hard work. Follow the “Stop and Think” gestural system taught to teachers and students at this school. Howard Knoff, Stop & Think Social Skills Program, www.sopriswest.com

Example of reactive strategies: Billy Billy’s Behavior Support Plan includes the four stages of reactive strategies as follows: 2. Mid-behavior Stage: Increase proximity to Billy, point to the work on the floor, get on eye level, use calm voice requiring work to be replaced on desk, wait patiently for compliance and praise in accordance with the teacher training on “4 step procedure-One Minute Skill Building.” If Billy is too agitated to work, invite him to take a “Time Away” in a specified classroom area. Praise his return when he is ready to work.

Example of reactive strategies: Billy Billy’s Behavior Support Plan includes the four stages of reactive strategies as follows: 3. Debriefing Stage: Ask Billy why he chose the old form of protest rather than his new alternative. Have Billy help fill out the daily report card communicating the poor choice he made and what Billy and the teacher will do next time to help assure the new behavior to protest is selected.

Example of reactive strategies: Billy’s Daily Report Card

Example of reactive strategies: Billy Billy’s Behavior Support Plan includes the four stages of reactive strategies as follows: 4. Consequences Stage: If the behavior escalates to loud swearing, Billy will be sent to the counselor to complete a written process, “My Inappropriate Behavior,” which may or may not result in a suspension or other school disciplinary procedures given by the Vice Principal for the disruptive behavior.

Example of reactive strategies: Billy’s “My Inappropriate Behavior” (see handouts)

Positive Behavioral Support Principle: On-going communication needs to be between all important stakeholders in the student’s life. Key Concept: The behavior plan must specify who communicates with whom, how frequently and in what manner. Two-way communication between message senders and recipients is important.

Requirement: The communication needs to be frequently enough to result in the continuous teaming necessary to achieve success. Method: Communication ideas: sent home in writing, through messages on email or voice mail, through posting on a teacher’s answering machine in school (if information can be communicated in codes to assure confidentiality) or face-to-face.

Example of Communication between important stakeholders: Billy Billy’s team decided on the following communication provisions: 1. Communication between: parents, teacher, school counselor, therapist from Department of Mental Health, school principal

Example of Communication between important stakeholders: Billy’s team decided on the following communication provisions: 2. Frequency: a. Daily: Report card on use of replacement behavior will be sent home; parents report back on praise or other reinforcers for accomplishment they gave Billy each day. b. Weekly: Teacher will send weekly summary of Billy’s behavior to principal, school counselor, parents and therapist through email.

Example of Communication between important stakeholders: Billy’s team decided on the following communication provisions: 2. Frequency: c. Per Incident: Episodes of protest that include throwing furniture or loud swearing will be reported to the school counselor, who will debrief and send “My Inappropriate Behavior” analysis sheet to the principal, therapist, family, teacher. Therapist and parents will communicate any discussions with Billy about the incident which have yielded important insights about future interventions to counselor, who will inform others as needed.

Example of Communication between important stakeholders: Billy’s team decided on the following communication provisions: Manner: a. Daily: written report hand carried by Billy to parents b. Weekly: email summaries using a report chart c. Per Incident: paper copy to principal, teacher. Email scanned copy to therapist, family

What does the BSP QE measure? Extent to which this plan reflects a team developed plan in alignment with principles of behavioral change from the field of applied behavior analysis Those are the behavior change principles we just reviewed !

What the QE does NOT measure

What the QE does NOT measure Whether the new behaviors, interventions, environmental changes, and reinforcers fit the student Whether this plan is developmentally appropriate for this student Asking Mikey to eat in the cafeteria

Who is this student? Current developmental stage Skill mastery levels Personality, temperament, and other unique characteristics Team members must know the student well to develop an effective plan Asking Mikey to eat in the cafeteria

What the QE does NOT measure Whether the hypothesized function is correct

What the QE does NOT measure Whether the plan was or will be implemented consistently and skillfully

The BSP QE Analysis Areas _____ A. Problem Behavior _____ B. Predictors of Behavior _____ C. Analyzing What is Supporting Problem Behavior _____ D. Environmental Changes _____ E. Predictors Related to Function _____ F. Function Related to Replacement Behaviors _____ G. Teaching Strategies _____ H. Reinforcement _____ I. Reactive Strategies _____ J. Goals and Objectives _____ K. Team Coordination _____ L. Communication _____ Total Score (X /24)

The BSP QE Analysis Results Ÿ       Fewer than 12 points = Weak Plan This plan may affect some change in problem behavior but the written plan only weakly expresses the principles of behavior change. This plan should be rewritten.   Ÿ       13 – 16 points = Underdeveloped Plan This plan may affect some change in problem behavior but would require a number of alterations for the written plan to clearly embody best practice. Consider alterations. Ÿ       17 – 21 points = Good Plan This plan is likely to affect a change in problem behavior and elements of best practice are present. Ÿ       22 – 24 points = Superior Plan This plan is likely to affect a change in problem behavior and embodies best practice.

Layout of the Scoring Guide Area Eval-uated & BSP Line A-L Scoring Criteria 0-2 Actual Examples Student who refuses to do work Key Concepts Clarify scoring or extend your understanding

Scoring Suggestions Look at the criteria for 2 first. If it’s not met, look at 0. Figure a 1 from there.

Scoring Problems IGNORE IT!! When there is lots of extraneous information, such as curriculum adaptations not relevant to the problem behavior IGNORE IT!!

Scoring Problems “Logically related” means that you can grasp the connection between the items. DON’T OVERANALYZE!

Scoring Suggestions Score leniently if you have reason to believe that the principles and key concepts are there.

Scoring Problem Writing a “gold standard” goal and objective in the era of accountability 6 Key Components for Scoring A Complete Goal or Objective 1) observable and measurable, 2)  specifies what the student will do, 3)  by when will criteria be reached, 4)  under what conditions, 5)  at what level of proficiency, 6) how and by whom mastery will be measured

Example Goals: What is the score? Mike will stop fighting on the playground By 1.04.03 Mike will use appropriate behaviors on the playground By 1.04.03 Mike will substitute appropriate behaviors (seeking help, walking away or verbally problem- solving as taught by the counselor) in lieu of physical aggression as measured by counselor observations and recording on an IEP team designed record sheet for 90% of yard observations.

Symbols F Function “Communicative Intent” Problem Behavior PB

PB1 PB3 PB2 F Scoring Problem 1 Student uses multiple behaviors for one function # each of the problem behaviors Correlate behavior #s with interventions and reactive strategies appropriate for each behavior Write your plans with these correlations. F Remind: some of the intervention #s will likely be the same-- but the reactive strategies will need to clearly communicate when and how to respond to each problem behavior when it occurs and numbers are really important here.

Screams, hits, runs away to escape Scoring Problem 1 PB1 PB3 PB2 Screams, hits, runs away to escape Example of Reactive Strategies correlated with each behavior: When he screams - remind to use the new behavior When he hits - block hit, then use student specific calming words 3. When he runs away - use student specific enticements, do not chase F

PB1 PB3 PB2 F Multiple behaviors for one function Two Strands for Positive Behavioral Support Teach an alternative – a new behavior to express need Environment – change tasks, use visual schedules, provide more reinforcement, etc. F

PB F2 F1 F1 1 F2 2 Scoring Problem 2 Student uses one behavior for multiple functions Correlate function #s with interventions #s and reactive strategies #s matches intervention Write one plan, number the functions and correlate with the interventions, or, write a separate plan for each function. F2 F1 F1 1 F2 2

Example for Scoring Problem 2: PB Example for Scoring Problem 2: Screams for multiple functions 1. When it is for Attention Teach - 1. guide to use hand raising to get attention, Environment - 1. Recognize & reinforce frequently (>2x in 15 min), Reactive Strategy - 1. use gestures to prompt hand raising, guide hand raising, initiate new task F1 F2

PB F2 F1 Example 2: Screams for multiple functions 2. When it is for Escape Teach - 2. teach asking for a break Environment - 2. Reduce task demands Reactive Strategies - 2. use student specific enticements, do not chase

PB1 PB2 F2 F1 Scoring Problem 3 Student uses multiple behaviors for multiple functions Number the behaviors Correlate each behavior with each function then match to interventions and reactive strategies Consider writing multiple plans, or write one plan for each behavior/function. Focus on Pivotal Skills F2 F1

PB1 PB2 F2 F1 Example 3: PB1 Screams, PB2 Runs away Multiple behaviors with multiple functions PB1 Screams, PB2 Runs away F2 F1 Behavior 1 Screams Function 1 Attention Teach - 1. Remind to use the new behavior of calling teacher over to his desk to get attention. Environment - 1. Call on student more frequently, allow to work with a buddy. Reactive Strategies -1. Use gestures to signal “stop and think” how the student can get teacher attention appropriately.

PB1 PB2 F1 F2 Example 3: PB1 Screams, PB2 Runs away Multiple behaviors with multiple functions PB1 Screams, PB2 Runs away F1 F2 Behavior 2 Runs away Function 2 Escape Teach - 2. Teach how to use a time away spot. Environment - 2. Establish time away spot. Reactive Strategies - 2. Use gestures then verbal prompts to orient student to use the time away spot when he is about to escape.

BSP How To

Activity Scoring “Ralph’s” BSP

Ralph - A. Line 1; B. Line 5; C. Lines 6 & 5

Ralph - D. Lines 6 & 7

Ralph - E. Lines 5 & 8

Ralph - F. Lines 8 & 9

Ralph - G. Lines 9 & 10

Ralph - H. Line 11

Ralph - I. Line 12

Ralph - J. Line 13

Ralph - L. Line 14

Tom 5th grader, General Education student ADHD with 504 plan Swears, refuses to do work

Tom - A. Line 1; B. Line 5; C. Lines 6 & 5 Line 1: Work refusal, esp. written work he thinks will take a long time to complete. Work refusal often escalates to defiance, e.g., You can’t make me!” Also, verbal aggression Can occur, such as swearing, calling the teacher Names and asking challenging questions, such as “Why do I have to do this dumb work, huh, HUH!!

Line 5 Teacher assigning work, especially work he thinks will take a long time to complete Line 6 Tasks are not yet being broken down and sequenced for Tom. There is currently no agreed upon way for Tom to express his inability to structure the task himself. Verbal negotiation skills have not yet been taught. Opportunities for choice within a structure is not yet offered.

Tom - D. Lines 6 & 7

Tom - E. Lines 5 & 8

Tom - F. Lines 8 & 9

Tom - G. Lines 9 & 10

Tom - H. Line 11

Tom - I. Line 12

Tom - J. Line 13

Tom - L. Line 14

Mary 7 year old, Severe Disabilities and Autism Non-symbolic communicator Cognitive development 18 months Screams, hides under table Fictitious picture

Mary - A. Line 1; B. Line 5; C. Lines 6 & 5

Mary - D. Lines 6 & 7

Mary - E. Lines 5 & 8

Mary - F. Lines 8 & 9

Mary - G. Lines 9 & 10

Mary - H. Line 11

Mary - I. Line 12

Mary - J. Line 13

Mary - L. Line 14

You can always email or phone me for clarification or assistance. dianawright@earthlink.net Business cell # 626 487 9455