NON-ELECTRONIC SOURCES OF BIOGEOGRAPHICAL DATA Daphne G. Fautin Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and KU Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research.

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Presentation transcript:

NON-ELECTRONIC SOURCES OF BIOGEOGRAPHICAL DATA Daphne G. Fautin Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and KU Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center

Electronic data are essential in addressing important oceanographic questions among them those involving ecology including biodiversity and biogeography

Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

May explain organism distribution but does not show organisms

“Two beautiful SeaWiFS satellite images of blooms off Newfoundland in the western Atlantic, the left-hand on 21st July 1999, the right-hand one on 16th July 2000.”

“Two more stunning SeaWiFS satellite images of a probable (no ships have ever taken water samples to confirm them there) coccolithophore bloom cradling the Falkland Islands (Patagonian Shelf), the left-hand one on 29th November 1999, the right-hand one two weeks later on 13th December. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.”

Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

Current Potential Coral Reef Bleaching Hot Spots

DID CORALS BLEACH ?? WHICH TAXA ?? TO WHAT EXTENT ?? TO WHAT DEPTH ??

biologically meaningful questions involving biogeography and biodiversity environmental data AND data on distribution of (identified) organisms

Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

Discontinuous/discrete Heterogeneous

Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

SOURCES OF DATA on identified, georeferenced organisms – back in time MUSEUM SPECIMENS PUBLISHED LITERATURE

An On-line Atlas of Marine Diversity National Science Foundation grant OCE (NOPP)

Swedish Museum of Natural History California Academy of Sciences

Substantial changes in data hardly affected trends

Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

“Two beautiful SeaWiFS satellite images of blooms off Newfoundland in the western Atlantic, the left-hand on 21st July 1999, the right-hand one on 16th July Humanity has invested billions of dollars putting satellites into space; these images are part of the reward. Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and ORBIMAGE.”

Expenses the community has agreed to share Sensing and receiving equipment Development Installation Maintenance Data Processing Serving Archiving

Oceanographic data acquired electronically Lack taxonomic resolution Differ fundamentally from biological data Lack historical dimension To put into electronic form taxonomically and geographically resolved data Requires human intervention In the field In museums In publication/capture from publication Is no more costly than remote sensing Is essential to many scientific and societal issues

What / where ECONOMIC fisheries areas (open and closed) dive sites CONSERVATION invasive species protected areas ACADEMIC centers of diversity -- in space and time habitat preferences

National Science Foundation grants OCE (NOPP) to Daphne G. Fautin and Robert W. Buddemeier DEB , DEB (PEET) to Daphne G. Fautin Students and colleagues who have contributed data, time, and ideas -- especially Adorian Ardelean

BIOGEOINFORMATICS : CHALLENGES AT THE INTERSECTION OF BIOLOGICAL, BIOGEOCHEMICAL, AND PHYSICAL DATA OVER MULTIPLE SCALES OF SPACE AND TIME Robert W. Buddemeier Daphne G. Fautin Karen Stocks