II FORUM SULLA CREAZIONE DI IMPRESE INNOVATIVE: 25 NOVEMBRE 2005 THE PORT OF ALGECIRAS BAY: A STUDY ABOUT ITS COMPETITIVENESS AND ITS GROWTH KEY FACTORS

THE PORT OF ALGECIRAS BAY (PBA): A STUDY ABOUT ITS COMPETITIVENESS AND ITS GROWTH KEY FACTORS INTRODUCTION 1.THE RECENT HISTORY OF THE PBA 2.THE PBA IN THE SPANISH CONTEXT 3. INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONTAINER TRAFFIC IN PBA 4. PORT COMPETITIVENESS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO THE CONTAINER TRAFFIC IN THE PBA 5. CONCLUSIONS

1. THE RECENT HISTORY OF THE PORT OF ALGECIRAS BAY (PBA) ALGECIRAS BAY STRATEGICALLY SITUATED PBA: PORT FACILITIES IN ALGECIRAS, LA LINEA, TARIFA AND SEVERAL PRIVATE PORT TERMINALS THE BEGINING: 1906 MAIN FACTS IN 60s: REGIONAL PLAN FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN 1965 AND THE CLOSURE OF THE LAND BORDER BETWEEN SPAIN AND GIBRALTAR CONTAINER TRAFFIC: 1975 SEALAND, 1986 MAERSK AND 2003 TCA

2. THE PBA IN THE SPANISH PORTS

3. INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONTAINER TRAFFIC IN PBA 3.1. PORT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONTAINER TRAFFIC ALGECIRAS:  THE NORTH DOCK: JUAN CARLOS I WARTH (2000 CONTAINER TERMINAL: M 2 Y DRAUGHT M)  THE GALERA QUAY: ISLA VERDE QUAY (TCA: M 2 Y DRAUGHT M)

3.2 LAND FACILITIES OF CAMPO DE GIBRALTAR ROADS: - N-340: LINKS CADIZ, MALAGA AND ALGECIRAS (NOT ALL DOUBLE TRACK, ONLY CADIZ-CHICLANA) - AP-7: MALAGA AND ALGECIRAS (MOTORWAY) - A-381: JEREZ AND ALGECIRAS (DOUBLE TRACK) AND DIRECT ENTRY TO AP-4 MOTORWAY THAT LINKS CADIZ AND SEVILLE RAILWAY: MADRID-BOBADILLA-ALGECIRAS LINE: BUILT IN 1892 AND JUST SOME SPECIFIC IMPROVEMENTS. IN 2004 INCLUDED IN THE FUTURE TRANSEUROPEAN AXIS

3.3 LOGISTIC ACTIVITY ZONE (ZAL) IN CAMPO DE GIBRALTAR STRATEGIC PROJECT OF PBA. INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED: ANDALUSIAN PUBLIC PORT ENTERPRISE (EPPA), PBA, LOS BARRIOS AND SAN ROQUE TOWN COUNCILS, CADIZ FREE AREA AND THE ANDALUSIAN INSTITUTE OF WORK (IFA) LOGISTIC ACTIVITY ZONE IS TERRITORIALY ORGANIZED AROUND TWO ZONES: - NORTH ZONE: SAN ROQUE, EL CAÑUELO AND CORTIJO GRANDE-VILLEGAS SECTORS - SOUTH ZONE: EL FRESNO SECTOR

FUNCTIONAL SECTORS Nota.- La numeración de los Sectores Funcionales definidos responde al orden previsto para su desarrollo. Sector 1: El Fresno Trazado aproximado de la nueva vía de acceso a la ZAL desde la N-340 Sector 4: Cortijo Grande-Villegas Sector 2: San Roque Sector 3: El Cañuelo A la A-381

4. PORT COMPETITIVENESS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO THE CONTAINER TRAFFIC IN PBA PORTS IN COMPETITION : GIOIA-TAURO, VALENCIA, BARCELONA, GENOA, PIRAEUS, MARSEILLES, MARSAXLOKK AND LA SPEZIA. METHODOLOGY: A VERSION OF PORTER´S DIAMOND. CONSTRUCTION OF COMPETITIVENESS MATRIX. RESEARCH TO IDENTIFY THE PERCEPTIONS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PORT COMPANIES SENIOR EXECUTIVES. MATRIX: 10 COLUMNS AND 16 ROWS - HORIZONTAL AXIS: FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES (FORELAND, PORT OPERATIVE PROCESS AND HINTERLAND) - VERTICAL AXIS: KEY FACTORS OF PORT COMPETITIVENESS (FACTOR CONDITIONS, COMPETITION WITHIN THE PORT, CONDITIONS OF THE DEMAND, GOVERMENT OR PUBLIC SECTOR, SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES)

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PBA:  INFRASTRUCTURE: - ADVANTAGES: CONTAINER TRANSHIPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE THAT PERMIT EASY ACCESS FOR THE SHIP TO THE PORT. - DISADVANTAGE: RAILWAY INFRASRTUCTURE  FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES: - DISADVANTAGES: - RELATED TO MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY AND LOGISTICAL ACTIVITIES, DUE TO ITS SHORTAGE AND ITS INAPPROPIATE EXPLOTATION, NECESSARY TO CONSOLIDATE AND TO EXPAND THE PORT HINTERLAND. - RELATED TO THE EFFECT OF THE COMPETITION INSIDE THE PORT: PORTS WICH COMPETE WITH PBA, THE INNER COMPETITIVENESS LEVEL IS MUCH HIGHER THAN IN PBA. - NEUTRAL: - RELATED TO PORT AUTHORITY ROL IN THE PBA: LANDLORD PORT MODEL.

CONCLUSIONS MAIN OBJETIVE PBA: TO STOP BEING A DISTRIBUTION CENTRE AND BECOME A LOGISTICAL HUB. TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ITS PECULIAR CHARACTER AND SITUATION (WORLD-WIDE LOGISTICAL AND COMUNICATION CENTRE AND SHORT DISTANCE FROM THE NORTH OF AFRICA) IT IS NECESSARY TO CREATE AND DEVELOP A LOGISTIC ACTIVITY ZONE (ZAL). ZAL MUST COUNT WITH GOOD LAND INFRASTRUCTURES (ROADS AND RAILWAY). PROBLEM: DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN THE FINAL SUCCESSFUL OF THIS ZAL PROJECT.