The perfect tense. When to use the perfect tense 1) To talk about an action or event which happened at a particular point in the past and is now finished:

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Presentation transcript:

The perfect tense

When to use the perfect tense 1) To talk about an action or event which happened at a particular point in the past and is now finished: J’ai révisé mardi soir et ce matin 2) To say when an action started or finished or how long it lasted for: J’ai fini d’écrire mon essai hier soir 3) To relate several events or actions in the past: J’ai relu mes notes, j’ai fait mes exercices et ensuite j’ai rendu mes devoirs au prof

How to form the perfect tense The perfect tense is made up of two elements: the auxiliary verb (avoir or être) in the present tense + the past participle: Tu as trouvé Je suis allé To form the past participles of regular verbs: -er verbs: take off the -er and add é: réviser - révisé -ir verbs: take off the -ir and add i: finir - fini -re verbs: take off the -re and add u: rendre - rendu

Irregular past participles avoir = eu être = été prendre = pris mettre = mis vouloir = voulu devoir = dû vivre = vécu Can you find any more?

The perfect tense with avoir The majority of verbs take avoir in the perfect tense and there is no subject-verb agreement: Il a mangé Elle a mangé Nous avons mangé However, when there is a direct object pronoun which precedes the verb then the past participle agrees with the direct object pronoun: As-tu acheté une nouvelle chemise? Oui, je l’ai achetée hier As-tu vu mes parents? Oui je les ai vus au magasin *Note: The past participle never agrees with an indirect object pronoun in the perfect tense

The perfect tense with être The majority of verbs take avoir in the perfect tense but there are a series of verbs which take être: MonterVenirTomber RetournerAllerRentrer SortirNaîtreArriver DescendreMourir EntrerPartir ResterPasser Verbs which take être are mostly verbs of movement. There are other verbs which take être e.g. apparaître which you will come across to add to your list. You will need to memorise this set of verbs.

La Maison d’Être

Agreement with être The past participles of verbs that use être agree with the subject in number and gender: Je suis parti(e)Nous sommes parti(e)s Tu es parti(e)Vous êtes parti(e)(s) Il est partiIls sont partis Elle est partieElles sont parties On est parti(e)(s) On agrees in number & gender with the implied subject (stays masculine singular if it has a less specific meaning): On est entré dans l’ère du numérique (unspecific ‘one’) On est arrivés les premiers (Paul et Marc) On est arrivées les premières (Sarah et Marie) On est arrivés les premiers (Paul, Sarah et Marie)

Avoir or être? Some verbs can take either avoir or être depending on if they are used intransitively (with no direct object) or transitively (with a direct object): Il est sorti (intransitive) Il a sorti son pique-nique de son sac (transitive - pique- nique = direct object) Other similar verbs (write some examples for each): descendre: monter: rentrer: retourner: sortir:

Negation of the perfect tense In order to write a negative sentence in the perfect tense, the negators surround the auxiliary verb (avoir or être): J’ai réussi - Je n’ai pas réussi Il est tombé - Il n’est pas tombé Elle a pris - Ils sont allés -