1920’s - P1 Objectives Analyze the rise of Xenophobic feelings in the US and how it was manifested in the rise of the KKK, Anti-Communist sentiment, and Anti-Immigrant feelings Trace the development of a resurgence of Conservative values in the US and how it pushed the US into Prohibition and allowed for the increase of Fundamentalist Christianity Goal Questions 1) Define Communism and explain the positives and negatives of Communism. Define the Red Scare and explain the xenophobic reactions Americans had towards immigrants. Define Prohibition and explain how conservative feelings lead about to the Volstead Act Explain what the Scopes/Monkey Trial was centered on and analyze why some many Americans were passionate about the outcome of the court case.

Isolationism- US wants to stay out of international affairs Return to Normalcy- Americans wanted to return to a simply, care free, and safe life (Americans felt disillusioned by WWI and afraid of people who were not “American” 3 Effects of WWI Isolationism- US wants to stay out of international affairs How might this impact Europe? Nativism- Americans were against and afraid of immigrants How might this impact immigration and immigrants living in the US? Political conservatism- Americans want less government (in their lives and business) How will this effect the gains made by Progressivism?

Communism- belief that the government should control all aspects of a country and economy (Russia becomes the 1st Communist country in 1918) Positives (government works to create a society of equals) Free education/college Free medicine Equal wages (no poverty, no unemployment) Cheap/Free rent Explain how one of these positives is a negative in Communism? Negatives (government controls everything) No property ownership Limited Freedoms (speech, religion, expression, press/media No Democracy Explain how these negatives are a positive under Communism?

Red Scare- fear of Communism (many Americans believed that immigrants were Communists) America targets new immigrants as “Reds” and set limits on immigration for the 1st time Why would many Americans be afraid of Communism? Restrictions on Immigration (Xenophobia- fear of imm.) Why did Americans target immigrants? Emergency Quota Act (1921) set limit of immigrants each yr. to 3& of pop. Living in US in 1918 National Origins Act (US Imm Act)(1924)- reduced the number to 2% in 1890, totally excluded any Jap. imm. Why did the Gov. feel it had to use 1890 to further limit imm.? Who is the government really targeting? Targeting Immigrants (many felt imm. were joining unions to spread Com.) IWW (Wobblies) only union that welcomed Communism unions want to fix problems between workers and owners, not overthrow owners Palmer Raids- Attorney General Mitchell Palmer arrests, intimidates, and deports thousand of imm. for being Com. (violation of civil rights) How did Americans react? Is America any different today in how it views immigrants? Explain

Return to Conservative Values- the US has radically grown and changed since 1900, many Americans want to go back to simpler lifestyles -What are some problems that modernity brings about? Christian Fundamentalism- belief in word for word interpretation of Bible (believe bible directs how life should be lived) What is the purpose of government to a fundamentalist? Is that the purpose of government? What issues are being debated today regarding the role of government and fundamentalists? Prohibition- alcohol made illegal from 1919-1932 (18th Amendment) What’s the problem with drinking? What’s good about drinking? Christian Fundamentalists (anti-drinking) drinking a sin, protect people from themselves Urbanites/Immigrants (pro-drinking) drinking is social, not a sin Why might immigrants be confused with the US creating prohibition?

Prohibition was popular in the South and West because South-Keep alcohol from blacks, West- Cut down on Vice (drunkenness, prostitution, crime) Fundamentalism- keep people from sinning Prohibition was difficult to enforce because Coastline and Borders- 10k miles, Alcohol was legal in Mex., Canada, and Europe Rum Runners- guys w. fast cars who smuggled alcohol (seen as heroes) Women- started drinking (Why did women suddenly start to drink once alcohol became illegal?) Distilling- easy to make alcohol Casual Attitude- drinking seen as a harmless crime by many Does the US have the same attitudes towards illegal drugs today? Explain

Speakeasy (need to know secret password to get in) was the name of illegal saloons that replaced corner saloons Are there similar illegal activities today where one has to be in the “know” in order to participate in that illicit activity? Al Capone (Scarface) was the most famous gangster that provided illegal alcohol controlled alcohol in Chicago and used violence to enforce his distribution Organized crime earned $12-18 billion in 1930(Prohibition gave criminals the money to make their organizations bigger and more deadly) How is this seen in organized crime /street gangs and illegal drugs today? Give examples Do you feel Prohibition works?

What group is selling books in this picture? Anti-Evolutionists (Creationists) The conflict that these men are concerned about is… Creationism vs. evolution- belief in the bible’s version of the creation of man and earth, not science and evolution What theory about the creation of Earth and the development of Humans should be taught in school? Creationism or Evolution? Explain

John Scopes was a Science teacher in Tenn. who tried to teach evolution. Fired by district for not teaching creation based on bible Scopes/Monkey Trial- (Clarence Darrow- lawyer for evolution) nationally watched trial about whether evolution or creationism should be taught in school Decision- creationism won but inconsistencies in Bible were pointed out (evolution taught in school today) Fundamentalist Christianity (word for word belief in the Bible and that all people should live according to what the Bible says) established itself as a potent force in American spiritual life Does religion still play an important role in American society? Explain give examples for and against

Objective Analyze the rise of Xenophobic feelings in the US and how it was manifested in the rise of the KKK, Anti-Communist sentiment, and Anti-Immigrant feelings Goal Questions Identify Sacco and Vanzetti and analyze why they were targeted. KKK Analyze (look into) why the KKK grew in popularity and Evaluate (judge) if those Americans had a good reason to join based on your answer in 2A. Immigration (Define the… Emergency Quota Act 1921 National Origins Act 1924 And identify the group of people Americans were targeted and explain why Americans felt the need to target that group

Nicola Sacco and Bartolemeo Vanzetti- Italian immigrants arrested and executed for murder Problem- evidence against them was weak and court biased (Americans felt that dark skinned, non-English speaking radicals are guilty of something), created an out cry against US around the world WHY do you feel so Americans were so easily convinced that two possibly innocent people were guilty of murder and that a majority of Americans wanted them executed? Do Americans today have the same attitudes towards immigrants? Explain

What city are these Klans people marching in? Washington DC Ku Klux Klan-membership of the Klan in the 1920’s became more popular (spread around country outside of South, 5 mil. Strong) What city are these Klans people marching in? Washington DC What do you feel is disturbing about this picture? Pride- not hiding the fact they are racist Patriotism- use of flag to represent a hate group On lookers- people are watching, not demonstrating Size and Power- thousands are marching and organized (KKK is dedicated to suppressing the rights of people through intimidation and violence)

KKK to lost credibility b/c KKK extend their hate to being Anti-foreign, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, Anti-Communist (always been anti-black) Does the Klan hate white people? KKK gained in popularity so much during the 1920’s as a reaction to increasing diversity, modernity, and urbanization (KKK supports small town, conservative, white values Areas of the US attracted to the KKK included rural areas (Midwest and “Bible Belt” South) KKK to lost credibility b/c KKK engaged in violence against groups they hated Secret organization in a country that prides openness and democracy Crime Organization- embezzled/stole money from members to enrich leaders Prejudice/hate- values that normal Americans are against

What is the picture trying to say about how America is handling immigration from Europe? US wants to set limits on how many people can immigrate into US Emergency Quota Act of 1921- 1st limit ever set on immigration (3% of the people living in the US in 1910) Immigration Act of 1924 set even stricter immigration laws to 2% of the pop. of each Imm. group in 1890 ( no Japanese immigration) (no limits set on Mexican immigration) Why did the US make another Immigration Act in 1924? What was the problem with the Act of 1921? (think how US immigration changed after 1890 and what groups of immigrant American want to move here and what immigrants Americans want to keep out)