CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

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Cell Structures and Functions

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Presentation transcript:

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 7 – Part 1 CP Biology Paul VI Catholic High School

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION HISTORY: 1600’S Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1665 Robert Hooke 1838 Matthias Schleiden 1839 Theodor Schwann 1855 Rudolph Virchow

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Anton van Leeuwenhoek

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Robert Hooke 1665

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Matthias Schleiden 1838

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Theodor Schwann 1839

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Rudolf Virchow 1855

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL THEORY: All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things New cells are produced from pre-existing cells

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION BASIC CELL STRUCTURE: ALL Cells have: Cell Membrane Cytosol

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION SOME CELLS HAVE: Nucleus Cytoplasm

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL CATEGORIES: EUKARYOTIC CELLS (Eukaryotes) PROKARYOTIC CELLS (Prokaryotes)

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION EUKARYOTES: Contain nucleus Have Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Organelles Include Plant, Animal, Fungi, and many Microorganisms

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION PROKARYOTES: Smaller, Simpler Cells Cell Membranes NO Nuclei ALL Bacteria are Prokaryotes Examples - E. coli S. Aureus

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL SIZE Average Cell 5-50μm Surface Area 4πr2 Volume 4/3πr3 Cell Surface is interface between internal and external environment

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION A small cell has a greater ratio of surface area to volume than a large cell of the same shape. – This ratio limits cell size!

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL STRUCTURES: 1. CELL WALL: Found in Plants, Algae, Fungi and many Prokaryotes Function - Support & Protection External to Cell Membrane

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 1a. BACTERIAL CELL WALL: Characteristics: Peptidoglycan Gram + (Violet/Blue) Gram – (Red/Pink) Encapsulated

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION 1b. PLANT CELL WALLS: Green Plants - Primary Cellulose Woody Plants - Secondary Lignin

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION (CELL STRUCTURES - cont’d) 2. NUCLEUS Robert Brown (1831) Chromatin/Chromosome Nucleoplasm Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Brown’s Microscope Robert Brown

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Additional Organelles: You are responsible for the name, structure, function and visual recognition of the following organelles: 3. Ribosome 4. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth ER Rough ER 5. Golgi Apparatus 6. Vacuole 7. Lysosome 8. Mitochondrion 9. Chloroplast

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Plasma membrane Mitochondrion Flagellum Not in most plant cells Lysosome Centriole Microtubule Cytoskeleton Intermediate filament Microfilament Peroxisome

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Central vacuole Not in animal cells Chloroplast Cell wall Golgi apparatus Nucleus Microtubule Cytoskeleton Intermediate filament Microfilament Ribosomes Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Peroxisome Plasma membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CYTOSKELETON: a. Microtubules b. Intermediate filaments c. Actin filaments /Microfilaments * Know Structure and function of each

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Strengthen Cell Stabilize cell relative to other cells Most durable “Rope-like” Structure Provide Stability (vimentin) Long, thin fibers “String of Pearls” Concentrated in Cortex Amoeboid Motion Hollow tube MTOC

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION A. Microtubules Functions – Structural Role Movement of Chromosomes Structural Component of Cilia and Flagella Track for motor proteins

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION A. Microtubules Plus End (+) Away from MTOC (Toward Nucleus) Minus End (-) Toward the MTOC

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION INTRACELLULAR MOTOR MOLECULES Examples- KINESIN: Move Organelles toward (+) end DYNEIN: Move Organelles toward (-) end Kinesin Walking YouTube The inner Life of the Cell Video

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION B. Intermediate Filaments: Function - Strengthen Cell Stabilize Position organelles Stabilize cell relative to other cells

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION C. Actin filaments (Microfilaments) Function : Anchor Cytoskeleton to cell membrane Determine consistency of cytoplasm Interact with Myosin (motor molecule) for muscle contraction Muscle Contraction Video

CELL STRUCTURE &FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL MOVEMENT: 1. Crawling: Actin/Myosin Gel-Sol States Pseudopod Formation 2. Pinching Actin filaments Animal cells Cytokinesis

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Amoeba

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Cytokinesis of Animal Cell

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Actin filament causing cell separation

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL MOVEMENT: 3. Prokaryote Flagella Protein Structure (flagellin) Rotatory Movement Molecular motor in cell wall Basal Apparatus Hook Filament

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL MOVEMENT: 4. Eukaryote Flagella Microtubular Structure 9+2 Arrangement Basal Body Origin 9 “triplet” structure “Whip-like” motion

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION “9+2” arrangement microtubules

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION CELL MOVEMENT: 5. Cilia Many, Short, often in rows Internal structure like flagella Multiple functions

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Of Cilia