Changing Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy

Maternal Diet and Infant Health  Recommended weight gain  1# month 1 st Trimester  1# week 2 nd and 3 rd Trimester  Excessive > 6-7# month or <2-3#  Sudden increase suggests fluid retention  Components of healthy nutrition  Calorie needs: 2500 Calories  Protein needs: increased  Fat needs  Vitamin needs: Folic Acid, Vitamin B (Neural Tube Defects)

Maternal Diet and Infant Health  Components of healthy nutrition  Mineral needs  Calcium and phosphorus  Iodine  Iron  Fluoride  Sodium  Zinc

Maternal Diet and Infant Health  Components of healthy nutrition  Fluid needs  Fiber needs  Foods to avoid  Alcohol  Caffeine  Artificial sweeteners  Weight loss diets

Assessment: Nutritional Health

Promoting Nutritional Health  Nutritional Outcomes  Family considerations  Financial considerations  Cultural considerations

Promoting Nutritional Health  Common problems  Nausea and vomiting  Cravings  Pica  Pyrosis: heartburn  Hypercholesterolemia

Promoting Nutritional Health  Special needs pregnancy  Adolescent  Over age 40  Decreased nutritional stores  Underweight  Overweight  Vegetarian

Nutritional Health with Special needs pregnancy  Adolescent  40 years old  Decrease nutrional stores  Underweight / Overweight / Obese  Phenylketonuria  Multiple Pregnancy  Smoker / Alcohol  Concurrent Health problems  Too many fast-food meals  Lactose intolerance  Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Special needs pregnancy  Hyperemesis gravidarum  Severe nausea and vomiting: prolonged past 12 weeks  Severe dehydration: ketones, weight loss  Increased thyroid function and HCG  Usually with stress or poor coping  Unable to maintain usual nutrition  Therapeutic management