Music

Doppler The Doppler Effect –The pitch of a sound will be higher or lower if the source is moving toward or away from you –Sirens –Race Cars –Doppler Radar –Stars’ “red” or “blue” shift

Music Music is made of sounds that are deliberately used in a pattern –Notes (Pitch) –Chords –Rhythm –Dynamics (Loudness)

How music is made Natural Frequencies –Also called “resonant frequency” –Depends on material, length, width, tension, temperature, … Resonance –Causes the vibrations created by the instrument to be amplified so we can hear them

How it Sounds Can you tell the difference between a trumpet and a saxophone? What if they are playing the same note? at the same volume? Sound quality -- The differences among different sounds with the same pitch and loudness

Sound Quality Fundamental frequency –Determines the note you hear Overtones –Vibrations whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency –Determine the sound quality

String Instruments The fundamental wavelength is twice the length of the string f = v/ Resonator -- hollow chamber filled with air that amplifies sound –Sounding box -- Guitar –Sounding board -- piano

Wind Instruments Wind instruments, both brass and woodwind, rely on the vibrations of air to make sound The fundamental wavelength depends on the length of the tube ***

Percussion Percussion instruments make sound when a membrane is hit. The fundamental wavelength depends on the size and shape of the membrane The rest of the drum is the resonator

Tune a fish When two instruments are out of tune, beats are produced