The Nation Breaking Apart (1820-1860) A House Divided The Nation Breaking Apart (1820-1860)

Sectionalism and Compromise North was based on industry and small, white farmers South relied on plantation agriculture, slave labor as well as farmers Compromise used to settle differences

Missouri Compromise Created in 1820 to determine future expansion of slavery Missouri entered Union as slave state Maine’s statehood kept the balance between free and slave states in Senate

Missouri Compromise Compromise stated that 36º 30’ N. latitude would be the dividing line of slavery expansion west into territories Areas south of line would have slavery while those north would not

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850 Needed to organize new land from Mexico Proposed by Henry Clay and included 4 major points: Slavery not excluded from Utah and New Mexico territories, voters would decide issue

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free state Strict Fugitive Slave Law passed Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia Each item passed as separate bill

Fugitive Slave Law Included in Compromise of 1850 Southern states wanted Northern support in returning slaves Northerners had been using Underground Railroad to help escaped slaves get to Canada

Fugitive Slave Law Law said all citizens had to help catch and return runaway slaves Brutally enforced by slaveowners Southerners saw law as important to nation Hated and avoided by many in North

Fugitive Slave Law

Kansas-Nebraska Act Created in 1854 to pave way for transcontinental railroad Repealed Missouri Compromise and used popular sovereignty Idea promoted by Stephen Douglas that citizens could determine their own destiny Passed with Southern support because of possibility of slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act Northerners against act formed Republican Party Settlers fought over slavery in Kansas causing “Bleeding Kansas” Two governments struggled for control of the state

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott Decision Scott, a slave, brought by master to Illinois and Wisconsin Sued for freedom since he had been in free state and territory Supreme Court ruled in 1857 that Scott was not a citizen and was still a slave

Dred Scott Decision Court also ruled that Congress could not determine slavery in territories Republicans despised decision and sought to gain control of Supreme Court

Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott

John Brown’s Raid Brown, who fought in Kansas, was an extreme abolitionist Wanted to start slave rebellion Attacked arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA on October 16, 1859 to gain weapons for revolt Captured after no slaves joined him

John Brown’s Raid Brown tried for treason and hanged Many in North praised him as hero Southerners were horrified and wondered how they could share a country with such people. John Brown

Election of 1860 Democrats split over slavery Northern Dems wanted popular sovereignty Southern Dems wanted protection of slavery in territories Breckinridge Douglas

Election of 1860 Republicans called for limiting spread of slavery; NOT ending it. Constitutional Union Party favored compromise and avoided slavery Lincoln Bell

Election of 1860

What will happen now? Southern states scared Lincoln will outlaw slavery High mistrust between North and South ANSWER Q’s AS 9.5 - SECESSION If Southern states don’t like president, what could they do? (Write/Share/Gesture)

Secession – removing from Union

Is secession legal? Can states just up and leave the Union when they want to? What should Lincoln do? Southern states claim to be new nation (Confederate States of Amer.) New president is Jefferson Davis (Write/Share/Gesture)

What about North Carolina? What should North Carolina do? Should it secede too? Yes=show support for neighbor states & protect slavery No=stay loyal to U.S.; slavery not that big of a deal (Write/Share/Gesture)

Open NC Textbook to p. 333 Read 1st paragraph in Reactions in NC out loud as class with gestures

Fort Sumter Why did NC not secede at same time as SC? (Write/Share/Gesture) April 12, 1861 – SC troops attack Fort Sumter in Charleston Read 2nd paragraph as class Read 3rd paragraph as class

NC secedes to join CSA What was the final straw that made NC decide to secede? (Write/Share/Gesture) How was NC unique among Southern states in the way it felt about the war? (Write/Share/Gesture)