After the 100 years war:  English nobelmen returned to England;  Soldiers became unemployed;  They knew no craft but fighting;  Lancastrians and Yorkists.

 1377 became king;  Under the control of his uncle John, duke of Lancaster;  Henry IV;  The son of Edmund, Duke of York  Richard had no children;  Henry IV took the crown by force  Richard died mysteriously.

 Won the support of other powerful nobles;  Took the crown by force;  Established his royal authority;  Passed the crown to his son Henry V.

 One of England`s favourite kings;  Was king from 1413 until 1422;  Henry was a cold and ruthless soldier, respected by contemporaries as a chivalric warrior.

 The “Lancastrians” Henry VI  The “Yorkists” The duke of York

 1455 the war began – the battle of Saint Albans;  6 years later the York forces crushed the Lancaster army;  Edward of York became king as Edward IV;  Edward V succeeded him at the age of 12.

 Richard, the duke of Gloucester;  Had killed Edward and his little brother;  Was king of England for 2 years;  Until his death in 1485 during the battle of Bosworth;  The last king of the house of York;  The last of the Plantagenet dynasty.

The battle of Bosworth Field:  The decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses;  The end of the Middle Ages in England.

 Henry Tudor defeated the royal army;  Was crowned King Henry VII;  The first ruler of the Tudor dynasty;  Married Edward IV`s daughter Elizabeth;  United the rival houses of Lancaster and York.

 Richard III`s quotation “A horse, a horse! My kingdom for a horse” from Shakespeare`s tragedy Richard III;  Is now repeated when sb is in need of some unimportant item.

 Thank you for listening!