Cherokee Nation and Removal Chapter 9 Cherokee Nation and Removal

Standards SS8H5 – Explain significant factors that affected the development of Georgia as part of the growth of the United States between 1789-1840

Cherokee Indians Cherokees settled in the river valley of Northern Georgia. Cherokee tried to farm but were unsuccessful. Cherokee moved south to the flatter lands Cherokee fought with settlers over fertile lands

Cherokee Cherokee were not treated well by U.S. Government. Congress wanted to move the Cherokee for two reasons: 1) Cherokee and Creek fought and this scared settlers 2) Settlers wanted the land Cherokee were living on

Cherokee Congress passed laws to move Cherokee into North Georgia and North Carolina Cherokee went peacefully because they felt it was the best way to survive and to keep their own way of life. Creeks were the next group move and they went peacefully as well

Georgians Move West Savannah was the 1st capital of Georgia. As people moved west, the capital was moved to Augusta. As more people moved west, people complained that Savannah and Augusta were too far away from the majority of people. New capital was moved to Louisville, Georgia, in honor of King Louis of France.

Dahlonega Gold Rush Gold was found in North Georgia in 1829. The Cherokee controlled most of the land where the gold was found. Many settlers moved onto the land in hopes of finding gold and the government supported them. Government wanted to move the Indians again.

Land Lottery As Native Americans were removed from Georgia, the government used a lottery system to give away their land

Sequoyah One problem Native Americans had is that few of them had a written language. This made it difficult to send information Sequoyah created the Native American Alphabet Cherokee Indians had their own printing press in New Echota (Calhoun, Georgia)

Native Americans Alexander McGillivray – Creek Chief who signed treaties with federal government resolving Oconee War John Ross – Chief of Cherokee 1827-1866 William McIntosh – Creek Chief who was killed by his own people for signing a treaty with the federal government

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia State of Georgia arrested and tried a Cherokee man for killing another Cherokee man. Cherokee sued saying Georgia laws were not valid in Cherokee Territory Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia – Cherokee sued Georgia. Supreme Court said Indians are a separate “nation” but had no right to sue because they are not U.S. Citizens

Worcester V. Georgia Missionaries were moving into Cherokee Territory to convert Native Americans to Christianity. These people were forced to take an oath to remain loyal to Georgia and not to convert to Indian lifestyles Many people were arrested when they refused to take the oath. Government told people to stay out of Cherokee Territory. They would not be protected

Worcester v. Georgia Worcester vs. Georgia – Supreme Court ruled that Cherokee were a separate nation and Georgia laws did not apply in Cherokee Territory. President Andrew Jackson made the statement “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it”. This showed that people were not going to obey the law and would move into Cherokee Territory. John Marhsall could not enforce this law!!!!

Worcester v. Georgia Settlers ignored this case and moved into Cherokee land. 1838 federal troops rounded up Native Americans, imprisoned them, burned their houses and forced them to move west.

Trail of Tears Movement of Native Americans to the west is called the Trail of Tears. It is one of the darkest periods of Georgia History because thousands of Cherokee died when they were forced to move west.