COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM REVIEW GUGS

FINAL EXAM REVIEW TOPICS 1.LAB SAFETY 2.SCIENTIFIC METHOD 3.METRICS 4.DENSITY 5.WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE 6.ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 7.NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS 8.PROPERTIES OF IONIC VS. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS 9.SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY /POLAR VS. NON POLAR MOLECULES 10.pH 2011.GUGS2

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 2011.GUGS3

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they are used: 2011.GUGS4

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they are used: 1.Goggles: protect eyes 2.Aprons: protect clothing 3.Gloves: protect hands 2011.GUGS5

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 safety RULES & explain why they are enforced: 2011.GUGS6

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipment List 3 safety RULES & explain why they are enforced: possible answers 1.Tie back long hair: won’t catch fire. 2.Cover feet & legs: to protect from chemical splashing/spills & broken glass. 3.Know the procedure: to prevent unsafe errors. 4.Remove dangling jewelry: can get caught on things. 5.Dispose of chemical wastes as directed: some chemicals can be pollutants GUGS7

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is the EPA & what is it’s purpose? 2011.GUGS8

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is the EPA & what is it’s purpose? EPA stands for Environmental Protection Agency. It is a U. S. government agency protects human health and the environment 2011.GUGS9

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is OSHA & what is it’s purpose? 2011.GUGS10

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS What is OSHA & what is it’s purpose? OSHA is the Occupational Health and Safety Administration. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatality by issuing and enforcing standards for workplace safety and health GUGS11

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN? 2011.GUGS12

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN? MSDS stands for material safety data sheet GUGS13

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS? 2011.GUGS14

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS? Material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance. An important component of handling or working with a substance in a safe manner GUGS15

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS LD 50? 2011.GUGS16

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS WHAT IS LD 50? The LD 50 is the dose that kills half (50%) of the animals tested (LD = "lethal dose"). The animals are usually rats or mice, although rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, and so on are sometimes used GUGS17

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDS Using an actual MSDS, provide the following information: 1.Name of substance: _____________ 2.Chemical formula: _______________ 3.Boiling Point: ___________________ 4.LD-50: _________________________ 2011.GUGS18

Scientific Method List the steps in the Scientific Method: 2011.GUGS19

Scientific Method List the steps in the Scientific Method: 1.State the problem (with variables). 2.Form hypothesis. 3.Develop an experimental design that has a control. 4.Gather data (perform experiment). 5.Analyze data & FORM CONCLUSIONS. 6.Evaluate the validity of the experiment GUGS20

Scientific Method WHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL? 2011.GUGS21

Scientific Method WHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL? A sample in which a factor whose effect is being estimated is absent or is held constant, in order to provide a comparison GUGS22

Scientific Method COMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT VARIABLES GUGS23

Scientific Method COMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT VARIABLES. The independent variable is the variable being manipulated/changed. The dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable GUGS24

Scientific Method Choose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to show where the volume reading should be correctly read GUGS25

Scientific Method Choose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to show where the volume reading should be correctly read GUGS26 ***************

THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. MeasurementMetric Unit 1.Length 2.Mass 3.Volume 4.Time 2011.GUGS27

THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. MeasurementMetric Unit 1.LengthM-meter 2.Massg-gram 3.VolumeL-liter 4.Times-seconds 2011.GUGS28

THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. Prefix Value (decimal/fraction) 1.Milli 2.Kilo 3.Deci 4.Centi 2011.GUGS29

THE METRIC SYSTEM COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE. Prefix Value (decimal/fraction) 1.Milli1/1000 or Kilo Deci1/10 or Centi1/100 or GUGS30

DENSITY STATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY GUGS31

DENSITY STATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY. Density is mass divided by volume: D = m/V 2011.GUGS32

DENSITY Calculate the density of an object that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL GUGS33

DENSITY Calculate the density of an object that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL. D = m / V D = 7.0 g / 3.5 mL D = 2 g / mL 2011.GUGS34

DENSITY WHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER? 2011.GUGS35

DENSITY WHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER? 2011.GUGS36 Soda Can Sinks: MORE DENSE THAN WATER!

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE There are approximately elements GUGS37

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE There are approximately 114 elements GUGS38

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE The 3 major types of elements are: 2011.GUGS39

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE The 3 major types of elements are: Metal, nonmetals, & metalloids GUGS40

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE List 3 properties of metals GUGS41

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE List 3 properties of metals. 1.Ductile (can be made into wire) 2.Malleable (can be shaped) 3.Good heat & electricity conductors 2011.GUGS42

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS43 What does the number 35 represent?

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS44 What does the number 35 represent? Atomic number

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS45 What do the letters Br represent?

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS46 What do the letters Br represent? The chemical symbol of the element.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS47 What does the number represent?

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS48 What does the number represent? Atomic mass

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS49 In the periodic table, families are arranged in ____________.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS50 In the periodic table, families are arranged in vertical columns.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS51 In the periodic table, periods are arranged in.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS52 In the periodic table, periods are arranged in horizontal rows.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS53 In the periodic table, there are periods.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS54 In the periodic table, there are 7 periods.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS55 In the periodic table, there are families.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS56 In the periodic table, there are 18 families.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS57 The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element’s.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS58 The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element’s electronic structure.

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS59 Complete the table: GroupFamily Name

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS60 Complete the table: GroupFamily Name 1Alkali metals

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS61 Complete the table: GroupFamily Name 1Alkali metals 2Alkaline earth metals 17 18

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS62 Complete the table: GroupFamily Name 1Alkali metals 2Alkaline earth metals 17Halogens 18

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS63 Complete the table: GroupFamily Name 1Alkali metals 2Alkaline earth metals 17Halogens 18Noble gases

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS64 Complete the table: ElementFamily Name Li Ba I Ne

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE 2011.GUGS65 Complete the table: ElementFamily Name LiAlkali metals BaAlkaline earth metals IHalogens NeNoble gases

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE An element’s identity is based on it’s ________ GUGS66

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE An element’s identity is based on it’s atomic number GUGS67

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element which has an atomic number of GUGS68

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element which has an atomic number of 6. Carbon GUGS69

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element which has an atomic number of GUGS70

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element which has an atomic number of 16. Sulfur GUGS71

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element that has the symbol Fe GUGS72

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element that has the symbol Fe. Iron GUGS73

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element that has the symbol K GUGS74

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Identify the element that has the symbol K. Potassium GUGS75

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS76 IsotopeAtomic # Mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons charge L M8035

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS77 IsotopeAtomic # Mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons charge L M8035

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS78 IsotopeAtomic # Mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons charge L = M8035

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS79 IsotopeAtomic # Mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons charge L = = -2 M8035

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS80 IsotopeAtomic # Mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons charge L = = -2 M358035

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS81 IsotopeAtomic # Mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons charge L = = -2 M = 45

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS82 IsotopeAtomic # Mass # # of protons # of neutrons # of electrons charge L = = -2 M = = 36

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS83 AtomMetal or Nonmetal? Cation or Anion? Gains or loses electrons? # of electrons gained or lost Ion formed Sodium, Na Na + Sulfur, S S 2- Magnesium, Mg Mg 2+ Aluminum, Al Al 3+

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS84 AtomMetal or Nonmetal? Cation or Anion? Gains or loses electrons? # of electrons gained or lost Ion formed Sodium, NaMetalCationLoses1 lost Na + Sulfur, S S 2- Magnesium, Mg Mg 2+ Aluminum, Al Al 3+

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS85 AtomMetal or Nonmetal? Cation or Anion? Gains or loses electrons? # of electrons gained or lost Ion formed Sodium, NaMetalCationLoses1 lost Na + Sulfur, SNonmetalAnionGains2 gained S 2- Magnesium, Mg Mg 2+ Aluminum, Al Al 3+

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS86 AtomMetal or Nonmetal? Cation or Anion? Gains or loses electrons? # of electrons gained or lost Ion formed Sodium, NaMetalCationLoses1 lost Na + Sulfur, SNonmetalAnionGains2 gained S 2- Magnesium, Mg MetalCationLoses2 lost Mg 2+ Aluminum, Al Al 3+

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE Complete the table: 2011.GUGS87 AtomMetal or Nonmetal? Cation or Anion? Gains or loses electrons? # of electrons gained or lost Ion formed Sodium, NaMetalCationLoses1 lost Na + Sulfur, SNonmetalAnionGains2 gained S 2- Magnesium, Mg MetalCationLoses2 lost Mg 2+ Aluminum, Al MetalCationLoses3 lost Al 3+

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Complete the table: 2011.GUGS88 ElementCation formula ElementAnion formula Compound formula Name CalciumNitrogen SodiumSulfur Aluminu m Fluorine

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Complete the table: 2011.GUGS89 ElementCation formula ElementAnion formula Compound formula Name Calcium Ca 2+ Nitrogen N 3- Ca 3 N 2 Calcium nitride SodiumSulfur Aluminu m Fluorine

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Complete the table: 2011.GUGS90 ElementCation formula ElementAnion formula Compound formula Name Calcium Ca 2+ Nitrogen N 3- Ca 3 N 2 Calcium nitride Sodium Na + Sulfur S-S- Na 2 S Sodium sulfide Aluminu m Fluorine

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Complete the table: 2011.GUGS91 ElementCation formula ElementAnion formula Cmpd formula Name Calcium Ca 2+ Nitrogen N 3- Ca 3 N 2 Calcium nitride Sodium Na + Sulfur S-S- Na 2 S Sodium sulfide Aluminu m Al 3+ Fluorine F-F- AlF 3 Aluminum fluoride

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Write the formula for magnesium hydroxide: 2011.GUGS92

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Write the formula for magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH) GUGS93

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS How many oxygen atoms are in the chemical formula Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ? 2011.GUGS94

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS Write the formula for barium phosphate: Ba 3 (PO 4 ) GUGS95

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS How many oxygen atoms are in the chemical formula Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ? 2 X 4 = GUGS96

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE What is the difference between direct and indirect water use? 2011.GUGS97

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE What is the difference between direct and indirect water use? Direct water use is when you turn on a tap and water comes out– for example: Drinking a glass of water/cooking with water, showering. Indirect water use is when you use a product or service that required water to be used for its production, or water use that you aren't readily aware of, for example: water used in the production of electricity GUGS98

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE List 4 ways you can conserve water: 2011.GUGS99

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE List 4 ways you can conserve water: 2011.GUGS100

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE List & describe the processes (steps) in the hydrologic cycle GUGS101

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE List the processes (steps) in the hydrologic cycle. 1. Condensation: when warm air collides with cold air and droplets form. 2. Precipitation: droplets that after being condensed begin to fall to the earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail, glaze, or snow. 3. Erosion: the movement of soil by wind or water. 4. Melting: when a solid changes into a liquid. 5. Percolation: the movement of water through the soil. 6. Evaporation: The process of liquid water becoming vapor GUGS102

2011.GUGS103 The Hydrologic Cycle: Insert the following terms In the diagram: Evaporation Respiration Transpiration Precipitation Runoff Condensation

2011.GUGS104 The Hydrologic Cycle: Insert the following terms In the diagram: Evaporation Respiration Transpiration Precipitation Runoff Condensation

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Huge underground storehouses of water made rock, sand, or gravel are known as ____________ GUGS105

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE Huge underground storehouses of water made rock, sand, or gravel are known as aquifers GUGS106

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define: 1.Solute: 2.Solvent: 2011.GUGS107

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define: 1.Solute: A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount. 2.Solvent: 2011.GUGS108

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define: 1.Solute: A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount. 2.Solvent: a substance that dissolves another to form a solution; usually the component of a solution present in the greater amount GUGS109

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define the following: 1.Unsaturated 2.Saturated 3.Supersaturated 4.Electrolyte 2011.GUGS110

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define the following: 1.Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than the maximum amount of solute. 2.Saturated 3.Supersaturated 4.Electrolyte 2011.GUGS111

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define the following: 1.Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than the maximum amount of solute. 2.Saturated: a solution that has exactly the maximum amount of solute. 3.Supersaturated: 4.Electrolyte: 2011.GUGS112

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define the following: 1.Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than the maximum amount of solute. 2.Saturated: a solution that has exactly the maximum amount of solute. 3.Supersaturated: a solution that has MORE than the maximum amount of solute. 4.Electrolyte: 2011.GUGS113

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Define the following: 1.Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than the maximum amount of solute. 2.Saturated: a solution that has exactly the maximum amount of solute. 3.Supersaturated: a solution that has MORE than the maximum amount of solute. 4.Electrolyte: material containing free ions that can conduct an electrical current. Most electrolytes consist of ions in solution, and they are referred to as ionic solutions GUGS114

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY If the temperature of a solution with a gaseous solute increases, the solubility ______________ GUGS115

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY If the temperature of a solution with a gaseous solute increases, the solubility decreases GUGS116

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY If the temperature of a solution with a solids solute increases, the solubility ________________ GUGS117

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY If the temperature of a solution with a solids solute increases, the solubility increases GUGS118

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain why water is known as the universal solvent GUGS119

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain why water is known as the universal solvent. Solutes for the most part are able to dissolve in water with the exception of some solutes like oil GUGS120

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain what is meant by a polar molecule. Give an example GUGS121

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain what is meant by a polar molecule. Give an example. A molecule that is positively charged on one end & negatively charged on the other end. Water is a polar molecule GUGS122

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain why water and oil do not mix GUGS123

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain why water and oil do not mix. Water is polar & oil is non polar GUGS124

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain how water dissolves ionic compounds GUGS125

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY Explain how water dissolves ionic compounds. Polar water molecules attract ions & pull the ionic compound apart GUGS126

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY COMPLETE THE TABLE: 2011.GUGS127 SOLUTESOLUBLE IN WATER? SOLUBLE IN MINERAL OIL? POLAR OR NON POLAR? 1YESNO 2 YES 3 NO

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY COMPLETE THE TABLE: 2011.GUGS128 SOLUTESOLUBLE IN WATER? SOLUBLE IN MINERAL OIL? POLAR OR NON POLAR? 1YESNOPOLAR 2NOYESNON POLAR 3YESNOPOLAR

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS COMPLETE THE TABLE: 2011.GUGS129 SOLUTEDISSOLVES IN WATER? CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY IN WATER? IONIC OR MOLECULAR SOLUTE? 1YESNO 2YES 3NO

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS COMPLETE THE TABLE: 2011.GUGS130 SOLUTEDISSOLVES IN WATER? CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY IN WATER? IONIC OR MOLECULAR SOLUTE? 1YESNOMOLECULAR 2YES 3NO

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS COMPLETE THE TABLE: 2011.GUGS131 SOLUTEDISSOLVES IN WATER? CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY IN WATER? IONIC OR MOLECULAR SOLUTE? 1YESNOMOLECULAR 2YES IONIC 3NO

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS COMPLETE THE TABLE: 2011.GUGS132 SOLUTEDISSOLVES IN WATER? CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY IN WATER? IONIC OR MOLECULAR SOLUTE? 1YESNOMOLECULAR 2YES IONIC 3NO MOLECULAR

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY 2011.GUGS133 Using the graph, what is the solubility of potassium chloride (KCl) at 80 o C?

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY 2011.GUGS134 Using the graph, what is the solubility of potassium chloride (KCl) at 80 o C? 50 grams

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY 2011.GUGS135 Using the graph, what is the solubility of Ammonia (NH 3 ) at 20 o C?

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY 2011.GUGS136 Using the graph, what is the solubility of Ammonia (NH 3 ) at 20 o C? 52 grams

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY 2011.GUGS137 Using the graph, what temperature is need to dissolve 10 grams of potassium chlorate, KClO 3 in 100 grams of water?

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY 2011.GUGS138 Using the graph, what temperature is need to dissolve 10 grams of potassium chlorate, KClO 3 in 100 grams of water? 20 o C

pH Complete the table GUGS139 pHAcidic, basic, or neutral?

pH Complete the table GUGS140 pHAcidic, basic, or neutral? 1acidic 5 7neutral 9basic 13basic

pH An example of a substance that is basic is GUGS141

pH An example of a substance that is acidic is GUGS142

pH An example of a substance that is neutral is GUGS143