1 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology AV System Infrastructure

2 © 2012 InfoComm International Part One Control Systems

3 © 2012 InfoComm International Introduction to Control Systems 1.Introduction to Control Systems 2.Types of Control Signals 3.Net-Centric Control

4 © 2012 InfoComm International Control Systems Control System: Operation of complex AV systems without technical knowledge

5 © 2012 InfoComm International Control System Functions  Event driven system is reactive  Functions are any individual action  Common functions oRaising/lowering projection screen oPowering devices oSetting volume levels

6 © 2012 InfoComm International Control System Componets  The "Brains" of the System  Interfaces with devices to execute functions  Runs custom programs

7 © 2012 InfoComm International Control System Interfaces A way for the user to interact with a control system  Touchpanels  Multi-button panels  Touch-sensitive screens

8 © 2012 InfoComm International Control Signals Signals communicate commands Unidirectional Bidirectional

9 © 2012 InfoComm International Contact Closure Typically an "on" or "off" switch.

10 © 2012 InfoComm International Variable Voltage Control Voltage ramp generator Camera pan/tilt head

11 © 2012 InfoComm International Infrared: Optical and Wired Optical Infrared: Line of sight Wired: serial communication

12 © 2012 InfoComm International Radio Frequency User interface Control links Limit 100 ft (30 m)

13 © 2012 InfoComm International RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 RS-232: Unbalanced circuit, easily affected by noise; DB-9 or DB-25 connector. RS-422: Balanced circuit; four-wire connection. RS-485: Balanced circuit; supports 32 transmitting/receiving devices.

14 © 2012 InfoComm International Ethernet  Allows for communications between components, applications, and the internet  Enterprise-wide potential

15 © 2012 InfoComm International Termination Types  RJ45 (8P8C)  DB-9  Captive screw

16 © 2012 InfoComm International Control Systems on Networks Ethernet network capabilities  Remote operation of AV control system  Asset management  User support possibilities  Planning

17 © 2012 InfoComm International Part Two Electrical Systems

18 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical Systems Introduction 1.Electrical Systems Introduction 2.Electrical Systems 3.Electrical System Commonalities 4.Voltage 5.Current 6.Current: DC Power 7.Current: AC Power 8.Resistance and Impedance 9.Power 10.Ohm's Law

19 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical Systems  Planning and installation  Codes and regulations  Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

20 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical System Commonalities Different countries have different electrical systems. There is commonality in:  The basics of electrical power and distribution  The characteristics of electricity  How an electrical circuit works  How electricity is managed in an AV system  Electrical safety issues

21 © 2012 InfoComm International Voltage  Measure of electrical pressure  Potential force  Difference of potential  Symbol: V (or E)

22 © 2012 InfoComm International Current  Flow of electrons  Symbol: I (or A)  Measured in amperes Direct Current Alternating Current

23 © 2012 InfoComm International Current: DC Power Facts about DC power:  Charge stays at a constant flow  does not reverse direction  Can be positive or negative  Computer signals, batteries, and power supplies usually use DC power.

24 © 2012 InfoComm International Current: AC Power  Voltage  USA: 120 volts  Europe: 230 volts  Signal alternates  Current travels in cycles  Frequency in Hertz (Hz) or cps  Current returns to source

25 © 2012 InfoComm International Resistance and Impedance  Resistance (R): Opposition to the flow of electrons oMeasured in ohms (Ω) oResistance in a conductor  Impedance (Z): Resistance and reactance in an AC circuit oMeasured in ohms (Ω)

26 © 2012 InfoComm International Power Power is the rate at which work is done.  Symbol: P  Measured in watts (W)  One watt expended when one amp of direct current flows through a resistance of one ohm

27 © 2012 InfoComm International Ohm's Law  Current proportional to voltage oVoltage increase = current increase if resistance stays the same  Current and resistance inversely proportional oResistance increase = current decrease if voltage stays the same

28 © 2012 InfoComm International Ohm’s Law Formula  I=V/R (Current = Voltage/Resistance)  V=I*R  R=V/I  P=IV Current - amount flowing though drain Resistance – pipe size

29 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical Circuits Introduction 1.Electrical Circuits 2.Series and Parallel Circuits 3.Grounding 4.Electrical Power and Distribution 5.Electrical Safety 6.Electrical Installation Safety 7.Electrical Systems Summary

30 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical Circuits  Continuous (closed) circuit  Source: supplier of information (power)  Load: receiver of information (reactive component)

31 © 2012 InfoComm International Series and Parallel Circuits Source to Circuit to Source  All current seeks return to source Series: All current through circuit, voltage divided across load Parallel: Voltage remains same, current divides

32 © 2012 InfoComm International Grounding  Limits human exposure to electricity  System ground oConnects AC circuit to ground  Equipment ground oConnects metal parts to infrastructure ground oNormally not current-carrying

33 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical Power and Distribution  Main distribution panel  Subpanels  Branch circuits  Isolated ground system  Individual branch circuits

34 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical Safety  Code Standards and AHJ  Installed systems  Environment  Fill allowances  Rack grounding  Current protection  Safe access

35 © 2012 InfoComm International Electrical Installation Safety Temporary Installations  Test  Balance loads  Circuit breakers  Wire gauge and length  Secure cabling

36 © 2012 InfoComm International Part Three Signal Management Systems

37 © 2012 InfoComm International Signal Mangement Systems 1.Signal Management Systems 2.Wire 3.Cable 4.Conductors 5.Insulation 6.Shield 7.Jackets 8.Cable Types 9.Connectors 10.Connector Guide 11.Signal Integrity 12.Distance Limits 13.Switchers 14.Distribution Amplifiers 15.Rack Building 16.Signal Management Summary

38 © 2012 InfoComm International Wire Wire is a single conductor.

39 © 2012 InfoComm International Cable Cable is Multiple insulated conductors

40 © 2012 InfoComm International Conductors  Material that allows current and voltage to pass  Classification  Size  Construction  Conductive material

41 © 2012 InfoComm International Insulation Insulation protects equipment and people

42 © 2012 InfoComm International Shield Shields Protect conductors from interference

43 © 2012 InfoComm International Jackets Jackets provide physical protection for cable.

44 © 2012 InfoComm International Cable Types Coax Twisted pair Fiber optic

45 © 2012 InfoComm International Connectors  XLR  inch, 1/8 inch phone  RCA  F type  DB9  RJ45 (8P8C)  BNC  Speakon  Captive Screw  DVI  HD15  DisplayPort  HDMI

46 © 2012 InfoComm International Signal Integrity  Preserve signal quality  Interference and signal integrity  EMI  Lighting  Transformers  Many more

47 © 2012 InfoComm International Distance Limits Affects signal strength  Signal level  Signal bandwidth  Cable loss characteristics A cross section of a cable shows signal loss as distance increases.

48 © 2012 InfoComm International Switchers Selects signal(s) from multiple sources to send to a destination

49 © 2012 InfoComm International Distribution Amplifiers Sends a single signal source to multiple destinations maintains signal integrity

50 © 2012 InfoComm International Rack Building  Rack: Protects and organizes electronic equipment  Outside width: 21 – 25 inches (530 – 630 mm)  Vertical Mounting Height: 1 foot (300 mm) – 7 feet (2130 mm)  Rack unit = 1.75 inches (44 mm)

51 © 2012 InfoComm International Part Four Radio Waves

52 © 2012 InfoComm International Radio Waves Introduction 1.Radio Waves Introduction 2.Radio Waves 3.Transmitting and Receiving RF 4.Allocations of Radio Frequencies 5.The Importance of Antennas 6.Diversity Systems 7.RF Video Systems 8.Broadcast Transmission 9.Radio Waves Summary

53 © 2012 InfoComm International Radio Waves  Transmitting and Receiving RF  Frequency Allocation  Importance of Antennas  Diversity Systems  RF Video Systems  Broadcast Transmission

54 © 2012 InfoComm International Allocations of Radio Frequencies  Modulation  RF Carrier  Demodulation VHF (Very High Frequency) 30MHz -300MHz  UHF (Ultra High Frequency) 300MHz - 3GHz

55 © 2012 InfoComm International The Importance of Antennas  Antennas o Lengths o Ground Plane o Orientation

56 © 2012 InfoComm International Diversity Systems  Diversity Systems o Direct and reflected energy o Shifts between antennas o Dynamic comparison

57 © 2012 InfoComm International RF Video Systems  MATV and CATV  Modulators and Demodulators  Splitters  Distribution amplifiers  Combiners

58 © 2012 InfoComm International Broadcast Transmission  Analog Standards o PAL, NTSC, SECAM  Digital Standards o ATSC o DVB-T o ISDB-T  Bandwidth o 6MHz for analog and digital

59 © 2012 InfoComm International Radio Waves Summary  Transmitting and Receiving RF  Frequency Allocation  Importance of Antennas  Diversity Systems  RF Video Systems  Broadcast Transmission

60 © 2012 InfoComm International Essentials of AV Technology Customer Service and Future Trends

61 © 2012 InfoComm International Customer Service What is customer service, and why is it important? What makes customer service “good”? What aspects of customer service do you need to work on?

62 © 2012 InfoComm International Future Trends What future trends in AV do you see coming? Which will be the most important? Why?

63 © 2012 InfoComm International Course Completion- Time for a Showdown