Gas Management Systems

Medical gases Compressed air (5 bar) N2O (Nitrous oxide ) Vacuum Compressed air (8 bar) or Nitrogen AGSS O2 CO2 O2, and medical compressed air (5 bar) used for life support and respiratory therapy. N2O is an analgesic gas used in anesthesia machine. Vacuum (technically not gas), negative pressure to take out the expired air. AGSS (Anesthesia Gas Scavenging System), to take out N2O and filter it before being outdoors. Compressed air (8 bar) or Nitrogen, to operate pneumatic surgical tools. CO2 used for insufflations. Medical Gas Pipeline products are used in Hospitals, Universities and Research Labs, to process and monitor the delivery of medical gases from source systems to various operating and care areas of the facilities. Medical Gas Pipeline Products include, Air Compressors, Vacuum Systems, Medical Gas Outlets, Alarms, Manifolds, Zone Valves and Zone Valve Boxes. The Architectural Products include a variety of wall or floor mounted Headwall Systems designed and installed to continue the delivery of the medical gases and electrical services for delivery of these essential services in the high acuity areas of the facilities. These systems feature rail profiles which allow extremely effective equipment management concepts to better utilize floor space and provide flexibility in equipment movement. Since the ventilator is concerned to supply a mixture of air and oxygen, we will concentrate on oxygen supplies especially.

Medical Gas pipeline system A pipeline system is a system that includes: The pipeline network, The control unit and The terminal units where the medical gases or anesthetic gas scavenging disposal systems may be required.

PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM THREE Classes Of Pipeline Systems : Main Lines Risers Branch (Lateral) Lines

MAIN LINES RISER LINES BRANCH OR LATERAL LINES

Material Special copper pipes are used as copper has many good qualities: Corrosion resistance Neutral with respect to medical gases Ease of handling (combining technique and installation Great operational safety and durability

Medical gas pipeline components Air compressor Vacuum systems Medical gas outlets Alarms Manifolds Zone valves & Zone valves boxes Wall and floor mounting systems Rails for flexible equipment movement and utilize floor space

Medical gas pipeline diagram

Oxygen Supplying System Oxygen may be supplied as follows: Gas in cylinders Cryogenic liquid in mobile vessels or stationary vessels

1. Gas in Cylinders A cylinder manifold system shall have two banks (groups) of cylinders or cylinder bundles The banks alternately supply the pipeline, Each bank having its cylinders connected to a common header with a separate manifold pressure regulator. The secondary bank comes into operation automatically when content of the primary bank becomes exhausted.

2. Cryogenic liquid Systems Cryogenic tanks systems hold liquefied cryogenic gases (oxygen, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen or helium) and dispense these gases in the form of a liquid or gas as required by the customer. Cryogenic tanks pressure vessels manufactured with an inner and outer vessel to hold cryogenic liquefied gases that have condensation points less than -150 ºC. Cryogenic Tank

Oxygen system components Pressure regulators Pressure relief valve

1. Pressure Regulators There are two types of regulators Operating pressure regulator: there are two operating regulators; one on every bank manifold Line pressure regulator There are one or two line regulators on every manifold. Function: to maintain a constant pressure at maximum flow rate of the system.

2. Pressure Relief Valve Pressure relief valves are installed downstream of all pressure regulators Valves set at no more than 50% above the pressure regulator setting. Function: Fully relieving the pressure at the set point in case failure of regulator. All pressure relief valves have piping connections to allow release of to outside facility.

Medical Compressed Air The supply system may be: An air compressor system, A proportioning system, and A cylinder supply system. The following diagram describes the system in details.

1. Compressors Compressed air is provided by 2 air compressors in 1+1 backup system. Either reciprocating or screw type air compressors are used Compressor has to be oil free.

Medical Compressed Air 11 – CO catalyst 6 – Pre-filter 1 – Air compressor (reciprocating or screw type) 12 – Sterile filter 7 – Oil filter 2 – Automatic drain 13 – Dew point analyzer 8 – Air dryer 3 – Safety relief valve 14 – Automatic drain 9 – Dust filter 4 – Pressure gauge 10 – Activated carbon 5 – Compressed air tank (receiver)

Duplex filter

Duplex filter (special Considerations) Air intakes should be located high enough in receiver to eliminate intake of particles of dust, smoke, dirt, and water. A double filtering line consisting, each, of air line ultra high efficiency filter and activated carbon filter normally used to remove particles as small as 0.01 micron with efficiency of 99.999%. The pressure drop across the carbon filter is often an indication of when the filter should be replaced.

Vacuum System Vacuum systems commonly utilize three pumping devices: the rotating mechanical pump, diffusion pump and cold trap. In addition to other system components, such as valves and baffles (control the action of pumps).

Mechanical Pump Rotating pumps have large gas handling capacities, but cannot achieve high vacuum (resulting pressure about 10-2 torr. Mechanical pumps remove the bulk "rough" of the air from a system which is initially at atmospheric pressure, and, once this is accomplished it "backs" the diffusion pump, since a diffusion pump cannot exhaust against atmospheric pressure.

Diffusion Pump Reduces system pressure to 10-7 torr A diffusion pump has a maximum pressure against which it can exhaust. The mechanical pump provides this exhaust pressure for the diffusion pump.

First stage CLOSED valves (dark) and OPEN valves (light). The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

Second stage CLOSED valves (dark) and OPEN valves (light). The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

Third stage CLOSED valves (dark) and OPEN valves (light). The regions with a darker shade are at a higher pressure.

Distribution Systems for Medical Gases Distribution systems are used for internal clinic transfer of medical gases and vacuum from the plants to the terminal units. Special copper pipes are used as copper has many good qualities: Corrosion resistance Neutral with respect to medical gases Bactericidal and fungicidal effects Ease of handling (combining technique and installation Great operational safety and durability

Terminal Units Terminal units permit the supply of medical equipment with medical gases and vacuum from the central gas supply system. They are suitable for installation in walls, wall lights, energy panel systems and supply units and they can be used in the medical areas.

Area Control Unit Area control units serve as a shut-off device as well as control monitor for medical gases and they are integrated in the functional areas of the hospital.