Aim: What are other organic compounds found in living things? HW #7 Text – read pages 35 – 37 and 44 – 48. On page 57 write out the questions and the answers to 1-10 (Part A) on loose leaf.

Chemical Evolution continued to occur in the oceanic soup to form other essential compounds Organic compounds Carbohydrates (sugar & starches) Lipids Proteins (made up of smaller units of amino acids)

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1:2:1

Glucose is made by plants only The net process of photosynthesis is described by the following equation: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Light Energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 This equation simply means that carbon dioxide from the air and water combine in the presence of sunlight to form sugars; oxygen is released as a by-product of this reaction.

Glucose is used Respiration is the general process by which organisms oxidize organic molecules (e.g., sugars) and derive energy (ATP) from the molecular bonds that are broken. C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2  6CO 2 +6H 2 O+36ATP

Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) are very large molecules

Lipids (fats) are found in cell membranes Lipids are important as covering for neurons (nerve cells).

Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids Amino acid AlanineSerine 20 different amino acids in all of nature

Amino acids join together to form large proteins HAEMOGLOBIN

Aim: How are polymers made in living systems? Many organic compounds found in living organisms are made from long chains of repeating units, called polymers. The organic compounds in living things can be classified into four groups: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Polysaccharides are the most abundant organic compounds in the biosphere.

Dehydration Synthesis – putting small molecules together

Once the organic compounds formed in the oceanic soup of the primitive atmosphere, life was ready to form Influenza virus Bacterial cell Protozoan