Energy Technology (170505) SRICT CE KJS1

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Capacity of doing work at certain Rate (Power X Duration) Energy can neither be created nor consumed or destroyed. Total energy of the universe remains constant Energy, however may be converted or transferred to different forms 1 kWh (kilowatt hour) = 3,600,000 Joule Everything what happens around is the expression of flow of energy in one of its forms. Energy is an important input in all sectors of any country’s economy. Present Energy Crisis scenario due to : Population of world has increased. Standard of living of human beings has increased. Energy 3SRICT CE KJS

It is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre- existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. 4

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 Traditionally, the human society has seen through four levels of fuels. The first fuel is Wood which began with the discovery of fire some 1 million years ago.  The second fuel is oil and particularly petroleum products which is as new as the late 19th century, only about 100 years old.  The third fuel is nuclear which is barely 50 years old.  Now the fourth fuel is being termed as the Green Sources like Solar and Wind which are becoming commercially viable and technologically feasible within the last two decades. 6

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Source: Dr. Kalam’s presentation,

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SRICT CE KJS The total energy requirement for India could be around 400,000 MW compared to present 205,000 MW. 12

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Oil Consumption Pattern- India

Natural Gas Consumption Pattern- India

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SRICT CE KJS Conventional Sources of Energy  The sources of energy which have been in use for a long time, e.g., coal, petroleum, natural gas and water power  They are exhaust able except water.  They cause pollution when used, as they emit smoke and ash.  They are very expensive to be maintained, stored and transmitted as they are carried over long distance through transmission grid and lines. 17

SRICT CE KJS Non-Conventional Sources of Energy  The resources which are yet in the process of development over the past few years. It includes solar, wind, tidal, biogas, and biomass, geothermal.  They are inexhaustible.  They are generally pollution free.  Less expensive due to local use and easy to maintain. 18

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SRICT CE KJS Hybrid rickshaw called the Eco Free Cab, that runs on solar battery and pedal power. 20

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SRICT CE KJS Offshore wind farms to produce power for Kerala 22

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25 Key World Energy Statistics – 2009 (Source: International Energy Agency) Courtesy: Dr. B.G. Desai, GSFC conference

SRICT CE KJS The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy aims to add 15,000 mw of wind, 10,000 mw of solar and 5,000 mw of small hydro and biomass to India's grid during the 12th Plan period. It is in addition to 88,000 mw of thermal power projects planned for the same Plan period. - ET Bureau Jun 17,

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SRICT CE KJS China, the US, Brazil, Canada, and Germany are the top renewable power countries in 2013, with Spain, Italy, and India making huge strides, according to the report. Denmark leads per capita power generation, and Uruguay, Mauritius, and Costa Rica were among the top investment locations. 30

SRICT CE KJS The most significant growth is in power generation, as global capacity jumped 8 percent to more than 1,560 gigawatts (GW) in the last year. Hydropower rose by 4 percent to 1,000 GW, and overall renewables grew 17 percent to more than 560 GW. 31

SRICT CE KJS Spain and Portugal have a combined geothermal potential of 700 GW 32

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SRICT CE KJS According to the power ministry, India produces only 4,780 MW of nuclear energy, which is only 2.08 percent of total electricity production. To increase nuclear energy production, the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement was signed in Six years later, no new nuclear power plants have come up. 39

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SRICT CE KJS The power, coal, and new and renewable energy portfolios in the Modi Cabinet, who is from Maharashtra, where BJP ally Shiv Sena was opposing the 9,900 MW Jaitapur nuclear project. Former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had set a target of installing 20 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2020 and 63 GW by

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SRICT CE KJS Net import of LPG and Lubes was 6,093 thousand metric tonnes (value Rs.30,402 crore) and 1,409 TMT (value Rs.8,877 crore), respectively, during Source: DNA 43

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Electricity How much would it cost to run this 100 Watt bulb for a full day (24 hrs)? 100 Watts x 24 hours = 2400 Watt Hours (2400 Watt Hours = 2.4 Kilowatt Hours) 2.4 kWh x Rs. 5.2/kWh = Rs What about this 25 Watt CFL light bulb, which produces the same amount of light? 25 Watts x 24 hours = 600 Watt Hours (600 Watt Hours = 0.6 Kilowatt Hours) 0.6 kWh x Rs. 5.2/kWh = Rs SRICT CE KJS

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SRICT CE KJS At Present, Minister of Power & Energy.. 52