12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction CONTENTS 12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction 12-2 Using who and whom in adjective ... 12-3 Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ... 12-4 Using which and that in adjective clauses 12-5 Singular and plural verbs in adjective … 12-6 Using prepositions in adjective clauses 12-7 Using whose in adjective clauses

I have a terrific friend 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION I have a terrific friend who is very kind.

(a) I have a terrific friend. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION adjective + noun 11-10 CPITALIZATION (a) I have a terrific friend. adjective + noun (b) I have a thoughtful friend. adjective modifies noun

(a) I have a terrific friend. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION adjective + noun 11-10 CPITALIZATION (a) I have a terrific friend. adjective + noun (b) I have a thoughtful friend. adjective noun (usually)

noun + adjective clause (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (d) I have a friend who is a doctor. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (e) I have a friend who lives next door. adjective clause modifies noun

noun + adjective clause (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful. 12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (c) I have a friend who is always cheerful. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (d) I have a friend who is a doctor. noun + adjective clause 11-10 CPITALIZATION (e) I have a friend who lives next door. noun adjective clause

The boy who has the phone 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The boy who has the phone is adorable.

who he (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone. (b) The child is adorable. who has the phone he is a subject pronoun who is a subject pronoun who he adjective clause

(a) The child is adorable. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The child is adorable. (b) The child is adorable. who has the phone INCORRECT: The child is adorable who has the phone. noun adjective clause

whom him (c) The child was funny. I saw him. (d) The child was funny. 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) The child was funny. I saw him. (d) The child was funny. whom I saw him is an object pronoun whom is an object pronoun whom him adjective clause

noun + adjective clause 12-2 USING WHO AND WHOM IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) The child was funny. (d) The child was funny. who has the phone noun + adjective clause INCORRECT: The child was funny who has the phone.

two sentences one sentence 12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE who two sentences one sentence Jonah is in my English class. He is an excellent student. Jonah who is an excellent student is in my English class.

two sentences one sentence 12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE who two sentences one sentence Mary is an artist. She is very talented. Mary who is very talented is an artist.

two sentences one sentence 12-1,12-2 LET’S PRACTICE Ø two sentences one sentence We see the vendors. They are working in the floating market. The vendors whom we see are working in the floating market.

The girl that has the phone 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The girl that has the phone is friendly.

(a) The girl is friendly. 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The girl is friendly. (b) The girl is friendly. who has the phone same meaning (c) The girl that has the phone is friendly. INCORRECT: The girl has the phone is friendly.

that He (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone. 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The child is adorable. He has the phone. (c) The child is adorable. that has the phone He is a subject pronoun that can be the subject that He adjective clause

object pronoun can be omitted 12-3 USING WHO, WHO(M), AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES S O (d) The child was funny. I knew her. who(m) that (e) The child was funny. who(m) I knew (f) The child that I knew was funny. (g) The child Ø I knew was funny. object pronoun can be omitted from adjective clause

? The people who(m) I met last night were really funny. CORRECT OR 12-3 LET’S PRACTICE ? CORRECT OR INCORRECT The people who(m) I met last night were really funny.

? The woman is reading is my sister. CORRECT OR INCORRECT 12-3 LET’S PRACTICE ? CORRECT OR INCORRECT The woman is reading is my sister. Animation is off.

? The woman that is reading is my sister. CORRECT OR INCORRECT 12-3 LET’S PRACTICE ? CORRECT OR INCORRECT The woman that is reading is my sister. Animation is off

The computer that I just bought is really fast. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The computer that I just bought is really fast.

(a) My computer is really fast. It is new. s v 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES s v (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. s v (b) My computer which is new is really fast. s v (c) My computer that is new is really fast. which things that people / things who, whom people

which It (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. (b) My computer which is new is really fast. (c) My computer that is new is really fast. which It adjective clause

It that (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) My computer is really fast. It is new. (b) My computer which is new is really fast. (c) My computer that is new is really fast. that It adjective clause

(a) That computer is really fast. It is new. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) That computer is really fast. It is new. (b) That computer which is new is really fast. (c) That computer that is new is really fast. INCORRECT: That computer is new is really fast.

(d) The old car needs work. I drive it. o s v 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES s v o (d) The old car needs work. I drive it. o s v (e) The old car which I drive needs work. o s v (f) The old car that I drive needs work. s v (g) The old car Ø I drive needs work. which, that object in adjective clause

(d) The old car needs work. I drive it. 12-4 USING WHICH AND THAT IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (d) The old car needs work. I drive it. (e) The old car which I drive needs work. same meaning (f) The old car that I drive needs work. same meaning (g) The old car Ø I drive needs work.

two sentences one sentence 12-4 LET’S PRACTICE which two sentences one sentence We played a game. The game was fun. The game which we played was fun.

two sentences one sentence 12-4 LET’S PRACTICE Ø two sentences one sentence We played a game. The game was fun. The game we played was fun.

two sentences one sentence 12-4 LET’S PRACTICE that two sentences one sentence Where is the supermarket? It sells great produce. Where is the supermarket that sells great produce?

I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener. 12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener.

(a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener. 12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) I have a friend who is a wonderful gardener. singular noun singular verb

(b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners. 12-5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL VERBS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (b) I have friends who are wonderful gardeners. plural noun plural verb

People who travel to other countries ___ required to have a passport. 12-5 LET’S PRACTICE is are People who travel to other countries ___ required to have a passport. are

A set of twins that ___ not identical ___ called fraternal. is is 12-5 LET’S PRACTICE is are A set of twins that ___ not identical ___ called fraternal. is is

There are many people in Europe who ______ more than one language. 12-5 LET’S PRACTICE speak speaks There are many people in Europe who ______ more than one language. speak

The new student I talked to was thrilled to be here. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The new student I talked to was thrilled to be here.

(a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to her. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES PREP Obj. (a) The teacher is friendly. I talked to her. Obj. PREP (b) The teacher whom I talked to is friendly. (c) The teacher that I talked to is friendly. (d) The teacher Ø I talked to is friendly.

(e) The teacher to whom I talked is friendly. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES FORMAL ENGLISH MUST have pronoun PREP Obj. (e) The teacher to whom I talked is friendly. preposition + whom + adjective clause which

(f) The paper is long. I am working on it. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES PREP Obj. (f) The paper is long. I am working on it. Obj. PREP (g) The paper which I am working on is long. (h) The paper that I am working on is long. (i) The paper Ø I am working on is long.

(j) The paper on which I am working is long. 12-6 USING PREPOSITIONS IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES FORMAL ENGLISH MUST have pronoun PREP Obj. (j) The paper on which I am working is long. preposition + whom + adjective clause which

two sentences one sentence 12-6 LET’S PRACTICE which two sentences one sentence We went to a game. It was boring. The game which we went to was boring.

two sentences one sentence 12-6 LET’S PRACTICE Ø two sentences one sentence We went to a game. It was boring. The game Ø we went to was boring.

that We visited a Rodin museum yesterday. It was beautiful. 12-6 LET’S PRACTICE We visited a Rodin museum yesterday. It was beautiful. that The Rodin museum that we visited yesterday was beautiful.

The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast.

(a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken.

(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken. whose wrist (b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. whose possession

(b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (a) The boy has a cast. His wrist is broken. whose wrist (b) The boy whose wrist is broken has a cast. adjective clause

(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) I have a friend. Her mother is a doctor. whose mother (d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor. whose possession

(d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) I have a friend. Her mother is a doctor. whose mother (d) I have a friend whose mother is a doctor. adjective clause

(e) The family was moving. I bought their car. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (e) The family was moving. I bought their car.

(e) The family was moving. I bought their car. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (e) The family was moving. I bought their car. whose car (f) The family whose car I bought was moving. whose possession

(c) The family is moving. I bought their car. 12-7 USING WHOSE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (c) The family is moving. I bought their car. whose car (d) The family whose car I bought was moving. adjective clause

who whose This is my friend Ichiro. His sister is a famous scientist. 12-7 LET’S PRACTICE who whose This is my friend Ichiro. His sister is a famous scientist. This is my friend Ichiro whose sister is a famous scientist.

who whose I go to a great doctor. She is very busy. 12-7 LET’S PRACTICE who whose I go to a great doctor. She is very busy. I go to a great doctor who is very busy.

who whose I go to a busy doctor. Her patients often have to wait 12-7 LET’S PRACTICE who whose I go to a busy doctor. Her patients often have to wait in line. I go to a busy doctor whose patients often have to wait in line.

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