1 Department of Blind and Vision Impaired Created by Carmen Valdes & Lisa Shearman Behavioral Observations Part 2

2 Behavioral Observations Learning Objectives for Part 2: 1.Developmentally appropriate expectations at 12 months. 2.Developmentally appropriate expectations at 24 months. 3.Developmentally appropriate expectations at 36 months. 4.Developmentally appropriate expectations at 52 months.

3 Vision Development After 6 Months  From eight to twelve months, your baby should be mobile now, crawling and pulling himself or herself up. He or she will begin to use both eyes together and judge distances and grasp and throw objects with greater precision. To support development don't encourage early walking - crawling is important in developing eye-hand-foot-body coordination; give your baby stacking and take-apart toys; and provide objects your baby can touch, hold and see at the same time.  From one to two years your child's eye-hand coordination and depth perception will continue to develop and he or she will begin to understand abstract terms. Things you can do are encourage walking, provide building blocks, simple puzzles and balls; and provide opportunities to climb and explore indoors and out.

4 Example of Development to 18 months 12 months to 18 months of age: Now using both hands and visually steering hand activity (12-14 months) Visually interested in simple pictures (14-16 months) Often holds objects very close to eyes to inspect (14-18 months) Points to objects or people using words "look" or "see" (14-18 months) Looks for and identifies pictures in books (16-18 months)

5 12 Months Looks at a small object (e.g. raisin, Cheerio) Looks at pictures in books Reaches into container for object

6 12 Months Recognizes familiar objects across room (8 – 10 feet) Follows rapidly moving object

7 Vision Development from 1 yr to 2 yrs  From one to two years, your child's eye-hand coordination and depth perception will continue to develop and he or she will begin to understand abstract terms. Things you can do are encourage walking; provide building blocks, simple puzzles and balls; and provide opportunities to climb and explore indoors and out.

8 Example of Development to 36 Months 24 months to 36 months of age: Occasionally visually inspects without needing to touch (20-24 months) Smiles, facial brightening when views favorite objects and people (20-24 months) Likes to watch movement of wheels, egg beater, etc. (24-28 months)

9 24 Months  Fixates on small objects  Points to distant interesting objects outdoors  Recognizes fine details in pictures

10 24 Months  Exhibits well-established convergence (both eyes being able to look at the exact same point in space as an object moves closer to maintain single binocular vision).  Shows well-developed eye accommodation (the ability of the eye to maintain a clear image as objects are moved closer). Observed as an object is presented at 14-16” and then again at 8”, for example.

11 Example of Development to 36 Months 26 months to 36 months of age: Watches own hand while scribbling (26-30 months) Visually explores and steers own walking and climbing (30-36 months) Watches and imitates other children (30-36 months) Can now begin to keep coloring on the paper (34-38 months) "Reads" pictures in books (34-38 months)

12 30 Months  Visually explores and steers own walking and climbing

13 34 Months  Can now begin to keep coloring on the paper

14 36 Months  Reads pictures in books

15 Example of Development to 52 Months 40 months to 52 months of age Brings head and eyes close to page of book while inspecting (40-44 months) Draws and names circle and cross on paper (40-44 months) Can close eyes on request, and may be able to wink one eye (46-50 months) More and more visual inspection of objects and persons ( months)

16 46 Months  Can close eyes on request, and may be able to wink one eye