AVOID PLAGIARISM! 2010/2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students1 Mudathir Funsho Akorede Mudathir Funsho Akorede Graduate Student Member, IEEE Graduate Student Member, IEEE Electrical & Electronic Engineering Department, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia 8th August, 2010 If You Don’t Know How to Paste, Don’t Cut!

2 Presentation Outline What is Plagiarism?What is Plagiarism? Types of PlagiarismTypes of Plagiarism Who Could be Involved in Plagiarism?Who Could be Involved in Plagiarism? Why Do People Plagiarise?Why Do People Plagiarise? How is Plagiarism Detected?How is Plagiarism Detected? Sanctions for the PlagiaristSanctions for the Plagiarist How to Avoid PlagiarismHow to Avoid Plagiarism Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks 2010/2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students8th August, 2010

2010/2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students 3 What is Plagiarism?  From a Latin word which means kidnapping.  Plagiarism is stealing of another person's ideas, expressions or any other creative tasks and presenting them as one’s. i.e. Without Giving Credit or Proper Citation to the Original Work.  It’s A Break of Academic and Professional Ethics and Morality  It is an Academic Theft; Hence a Serious Offence!!!

8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students4 Types of Plagiarism  Based on the Intensity  Minimal Plagiarism  Substantial Plagiarism  Complete Plagiarism  Unintentional Plagiarism  Paraphrasing Poorly  Quoting Poorly  Citing Poorly  Intentional Plagiarism  Cutting and Pasting from different Sources without giving Credit  Borrowing Words or Ideas from others without giving Credit  Copying Essays from the Internet without Proper Referencing  Self Plagiarism Source:

8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students 5 "Dramatic changes in the non-Aboriginal community's appreciation of the importance of women as social and ceremonial agents in Aboriginal society had translated into pressure of demand in the art world for Papunya women's paintings." (Johnson, V. 1994, Aboriginal artists of the western desert, Roseville East, NSW: Craftsman House : p. 18). The plagiarised text: Johnson (1994) explains that dramatic changes in the non-Aboriginal community's appreciation of the importance of women as social and ceremonial agents in Aboriginal society had translated into pressure of demand in the art world for Papunya women's paintings. " There is a strong market demand for eco-tourism in Australia. Its rich and diverse natural heritage ensures Australia's capacity to attract international ecotourists and gives Australia a comparative advantage in the highly competitive tourism industry." (Weaver, D. (Ed.) 2000, The encyclopedia of ecotourism, New York: CABI Publishing: p. 143). The plagiarised text: There is a high market demand for eco-tourism in Australia. Australia has a comparative advantage in the highly competitive tourism industry due to its rich and varied natural heritage which ensures Australia's capacity to attract international ecotourists. Source: Plagiarism Examples

8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students 6 What is NOT Plagiarism? " More and more occasions require negotiation; conflict is a growth industry. Everyone wants to participate in decisions that affect them; fewer and fewer people will accept decisions dictated by someone else." (Fisher, R., & Ury, W. 1991, Getting to Yes - negotiating an agreement without giving in. London, Random House : p. xiii). Correctly used in an essay: Fisher & Ury (1991) believe that because people want to be involved in the decision making process, rather than be given instructions, negotiation is an essential skill. Source: " For a cinema whose heroic male leads had been figures like Bryan Brown, Jack Thompson, and Paul Hogan, the films of the early 1990s represented a radical shift in its image of Australian masculinity". (Butters, P. 2001, 'Becoming a man in Australian films in the Early 1990s' in I. Craven (Ed.), Australian cinema in the 1990s. London, Frank Cass : p. 79). Correctly used in an essay: Butters (2001) discusses a move away from the traditional movie heroes, and suggests that more recent films "represented a radical shift in its image of Australian masculinity".

Who Could be Involved in Plagiarism? 8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students7  Majorly Students (All Categories)  Lecturers; Professors Inclusive  Authors of any Kind  Researchers  Journalists  Publishers

8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students8  Lack of Adequate Knowledge About Plagiarism.  Could Lead to Unintentional Plagiarism  Laziness  Time to Type/Draw.  Just Cut and Paste, I’m Done!  Writer’s Block  The Feeling That One’s Work/Writing is Inferior  Poor Time Management  Thinking One Cannot be Caught  The Impression that Others also Do Why Do People Plagiarise? Source:

9 How is Plagiarism Detected?  World Wide Web.  Students Use the Internet to Cut and Paste Works  So Also Lecturers Use the Same Internet to Detect Plagiarism  Google.Com – a Popular Search Engine  By typing in five consecutive words from the text, internet- based plagiarised source could be discovered.  Use of Software  Turnitin via UPM Library or its Website UPM LibraryWebsiteUPM LibraryWebsite  WriteCheck  The Owner of the Original Work or Other Readers. Other Readers. 2010/2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students 8th August, 2010 Source:

8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students 10 Sanctions for the Plagiarist  Termination of Candidature for Students  Withdrawal of the Conferred Degree  End of One’s Academic Career  Retraction of the Published Work Retraction of the Published Work Retraction of the Published Work  Suspension by the Publisher/Professional Body  Loss of Integrity and Trustworthiness Source:

/2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students 8th August, 2010 How to Avoid Plagiarism Use of One’s Words and Ideas Proper Referencing Checking One’s Writing against the Sources’ Writing before Paper Submission  Using Turnitin or WriteCheck Software Good Time Management Don’t Look at the Original Work While Typing Your Own Source:

8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students 12 Concluding Remarks 1.Plagiarism is a Serious Academic Crime. 3. Stiff Sanctions Await A Plagiarist. 2. Plagiarism Could be Detected Easily Nowadays. 4. Good Time Management Could Help One to Avoid 5. Don’t Cut if You Don’t Know How to Paste!

8th August, /2011 Orientation Programme for the New Nigerian Students13 Question(s )? TT hh aa nn kk YY oo uu