Pollution levels plummet in clean air fight (but…) Ian Longley School of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences University of Manchester.

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Presentation transcript:

Pollution levels plummet in clean air fight (but…) Ian Longley School of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences University of Manchester

Air Quality Objectives UK-wide Automated Urban and Rural Networks Bury (M60)Piccadilly GardensNorth-West

SO 2 ‘plummets’

The pollutants that matter:

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Particulate Matter (PM 10 )

PM

PM

PM

PM

2003

Urban PM 10 emission trends

2003: a bad year for air quality

Is PM 10 the right metric? Above: number size distribution from Princess Street, Manchester

Is PM 10 the right metric? Below: spatial variability in ultrafine particle concentration in a district of Manchester

Fixed monitor data does not characterise exposure

Ultrafine particle (UFP) exposure diary

Commuting exposure to UFP Mean 10 x residential, 30% of daily dose in 5% of time, 100% of > cm -3

Typical bus commute exposure to UFP

Elements of example bus commute exposure to UFP Suburban indoors = cm-3 Central indoors = cm-3 Suburban outdoors = cm-3 Central outdoors = 20– cm-3 On-bus = 50– cm-3 peaks = up to cm-3 BUS concentrations 10 – 20 times INDOORS PEAK concentrations up to 100 times INDOORS Our AIM is to understand what controls EACH of these segments

CityFlux NERC investigating the transport and chemical transformation of pollutants (gases and aerosols) in urban areas, through measurements at three spatial scales: Individual plumes Street canyons Emission from an urban area

Oxford Road, Manchester (2006) scheduled bus movements per day Every 14 seconds in daytime (Mon-Fri)

CO concentrations at Oxford Road northbound bus stops (Mon-Fri 7am – midnight)

CO and particles at Oxford Road Are particles formed or transformed within the canyon space? Above: TOF-AMS Below: DMPS, PTR- MS and CO

CityFlux: emission from the city centre (2005,6) Regular emission cycles Sheltering, recirculation, deposition, thermal stability & inversions Total particle number Particles 50 nm < D p < 32 m in 100+ size bins CO 2, H 2 O AMS fluxes (with CEH Edinburgh) VOC (PTR-MS, Univ. Lancaster ) Flux

CityFlux: emission from the city centre

Urban canopy particle turbulent ventilation fluxes All data from NERC CityFlux project, Manchester Above: fluxes Below: concentrations

Questions we will address in analysis Do urban street canyons act as reaction chambers? How does the amount and composition of the particles we breathe depend upon meteorology? At what rates are particles emitted by urban processes and formed in the urban atmosphere? What do Manchester (and other cities) add to the regional and global atmosphere?

To be continued… Thanks for your attention

Urban air is cleaner than it was – isn’t it?

What PM 10 levels do we experience? Means: Piccadilly 27 Eccles 23 Stockport 22