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Outline of Presentation: Frequently Asked Questions 3 Steps in Referencing In-Text References: rules and examples End-Text References: rules and examples 3 Student Exercises Introduction to the online guide on APA Referencing © Central Institute of Technology

What is Referencing? Referencing is a method of acknowledging sources of information that you have used in your written work. The APA (American Psychological Association) 6 th edition is the method now used at Central Institute of Technology. © Central Institute of Technology

Why do you reference? To show where you got the information from. To demonstrate how much research you did. To allow the reader (your lecturer) to be able to find and check the information. Study, 2007 © Central Institute of Technology

If you: 1. quote (use someone else’s exact words) 2. paraphrase (convert someone else’s ideas into your own words) 3. summarise (use a brief account of someone else’s ideas) 4. copy (use statistics, figures, tables, images) Rottnest Island, 2008 © Central Institute of Technology 2014

When do you not need to give references? References are not required for items of general knowledge or common knowledge. Common knowledge includes facts that are well known within the community in which they are used. An example: Rottnest Island is home to the quokka which is an Australian native animal. Quokka, 2008 © Central Institute of Technology 2014

What if you don’t reference?  Plagiarism is the term used when someone copies another person’s ideas or opinions as their own and doesn’t acknowledge the original source of the information.  Plagiarism, whether deliberate or accidental, is a form of cheating and is not acceptable.  Remember, if you plagiarise in your assignment you may fail  © Central Institute of Technology

Where can referencing information be found ? Book On the title page for the title, author and publisher On the back of the title page for the place and year of publication Journal/Magazine On the cover On the second page Down the spine © Central Institute of Technology

Step 1 When taking notes for an essay topic, write down all the relevant bibliographic details of your information source. For a book: author year of publication title edition place of publication publisher Note taking, 2007 © Central Institute of Technology

Step 2 Insert a brief citation at the appropriate place within the text of your essay where this information is used. Example of an In-Text Reference: (Langford, 2002, p. 22) © Central Institute of Technology

Step 3 At the end of your assignment add a References List containing your information sources with full citations. Example of an End-Text Reference: Langford, M. (2002). Basic photography. Oxford: Focal Press. © Central Institute of Technology

General Rules for In-Text References Include: author’s surname year of publication (latest edition) page numbers (if appropriate) Page numbers are not necessary when you summarise or paraphrase another person’s ideas or opinions Example: …(Jones, 2010) OR Jones (2010)… Page numbers are only necessary when you use precise information or a quotation Example: …(Douglas, 2009, p. 22) OR Douglas (2009, p.22)… © Central Institute of Technology 2014

General Rules for End-Text References List references in alphabetical order by author or sponsor Where there is no author or sponsor, use the title Use italics or underlining to indicate titles Separate each element of the citation with a full stop Second and subsequent lines of a citation should be indented 5 spaces © Central Institute of Technology 2014

 author’s surname and initials  year of publication  title of book (underline or use italics)  edition (if not the first)  place of publication  publisher © Central Institute of Technology 2014

Book with Single Author Baker, C. (2004). Western Australia: Short stay guide. Sydney: Little Hills Press. © Central Institute of Technology 2014

Book with Multiple Authors Ashworth, S., Turner, R., & Egger, S. (2004). Western Australia. Footscray: Lonely Planet Publications. © Central Institute of Technology 2014

Printed Journal or Magazine Article  author’s surname and initials  year of publication  title of article  name of journal or magazine (underline or use italics)  volume number  issue number or date  page number(s) © Central Institute of Technology 2014

Printed Magazine Article © Central Institute of Technology 2014 Adam, C. (2010). Island dreaming. Travel Weekly, (130),

Web Page Web Page  name of author or sponsor or organisation  year of creation (or update year)  title of web page (underline or use italics)  Retrieved from name of URL (web address) © Central Institute of Technology 2014

Copyright Ecotourism Australia © 2011 Web Page Ecotourism Australia. (2011). Welcome to ecotourism Australia. Retrieved from © Central Institute of Technology 2014

Book © Central Institute of Technology

In-Text Reference: (White, 2011) Reference List: White, T. (2011). The photographic handbook. London: Collins Publishers. © Central Institute of Technology

© Central Institute of Technology

In-Text Reference: (Adams, 2010, p. 2) Reference List: Adams, T. (2010). Buying a new camera. Journal of Photography, 4(3), 2. © Central Institute of Technology

Web Page Web Page © Central Institute of Technology

In-Text Reference: (National Geographic, 2013) Reference List: National Geographic. (2013). Photography. Retrieved from com/photography © Central Institute of Technology

If you require further assistance with referencing:  Ask at the Library Service Desk   Check out the online guide on APA Referencing at: © Central Institute of Technology

© Central Institute of Technology 2014

Reference List for Images Note taking. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft. Quokka [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from Rottnest Island [Image]. (2008). Retrieved from Study [Image]. (2007). ClipArt used with permission from Microsoft.