INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703) In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right). He was the first person to use the term “cells”. 1665 – Robert Hooke publishes his book which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes. Coined the term “cells”.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa. 1673 – Anton van Leeuwenhook – perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. Four years later, he discovers protozoa.

Cell Theory Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells Matthias Schleiden concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838) Theodore Schwann concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839) Rudolf Virchow concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855) Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism new cells are produced from existing cells

Cell Specialization Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex

The Levels of Organization Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping. Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex cell tissue organ organ system organism

Cell Types PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small ribosomes Most cells are 1 -10 μm in size Evolved 3.5 billion years ago Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms EUKARYOTE Has nucleus Many organelles Larger ribosomes Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size Evolved 1.5 billion years ago Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

Cell Type: Prokaryotes Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus. Typical bacteria cell

Cell Types: Eukaryotes Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

Different Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic no nucleus no nucleus nucleus nucleus small ribosomes larger ribosomes small ribosomes larger ribosomes no organelles no organelles organelles organelles very small 1-10m very small small small 2-1000m only in bacteria protists, fungi, plants, animals protists, fungi, plants, animals only in bacteria

What Are the Parts of Cells Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common. All cells have cell membrane cytoplasm ribosomes nuclear material nuclear material cell membrane ribosomes cytoplasm

vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here) ribosomes: manufacture proteins mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here) cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA) cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell Parts of Cells cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast vacuole Introduction to cell parts. After you click and the cell part label comes in, wait for the definition to come in automatically. ribosomes mitochondria cell membrane cell wall (p. 175)

Parts of Cells Golgi apparatus: modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell lysosome: digests lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; also involved in breaking down organelles that have outlived their usefulness Endoplasmic reticulum: site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell cell membrane mitochondria ribosome Golgi apparatus nucleus cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum lysosome

Cell Organelles Animal Plant Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Vacuole Lysosome Golgi Body Ribosome Cell Wall Animal Plant