1. WARM UP
Using your text book define the following words: be sure to space out words every 8 lines. . .
Cell
Endosymbiosis (Endosymbiotic Theory)
Eukaryote (Eukaryotic)
Nucleus
Organelle
Prokaryote

2. Who is this?

3. INTRODUCTION TO CELLS
UNIT 1

4. History of the Cell Janet Plowe, 1931 Rudolph Virchow, 1855
Theodor Schwann,
1839
Matthias Schleiden, 1838
See pages Janet Plowe demonstrated how the cell membrane works. Janet is on here because she’s a woman and recent! Not for testing.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674
Robert Hooke, 1665

5. Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect
Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect.... (July 18, March 3, 1703)
In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right).
He was the first person to use the term “cells”.
1665 – Robert Hooke publishes his book which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes. Coined the term “cells”.

6. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723
In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms.
He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.
1673 – Anton van Leeuwenhook – perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms. Four years later, he discovers protozoa.

7. Microscopes
Magnification: refers to the microscope’s power to increase an object’s apparent size
Resolution: refers to the microscope’s power to show detail clearly

9. Light Microscope

10. Light Microscope
Elodea - Aquatic Plant
40X 400X

11. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

12. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Herpes Virus
Plant Root Cell

13. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

14. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

15. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Mosquito Head
200X 2000X

16. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Fly Eye

17. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Inside of Stomach
Surface of Tongue
Neuron

18. Cell Theory Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden
all plants are made of cells
Theodore Schwann
all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
all cells came from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory

19. Cell Theory Cell Theory all living things are made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden
concluded that all plants are made of cells (1838)
Theodore Schwann
concluded that all animals are made of cells (1839)
Rudolf Virchow
concluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells (1855)
Cell Theory
all living things are made up of cells
cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism
new cells are produced from existing cells

20. Cell Specialization
Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks.
Photos from Biology, Prentice Hall
Red Blood Cells
Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex
Muscle Cells
Stomata

21. The Levels of Organization
Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping.
Levels of Organization: how organisms are arranged from simple to complex
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

22. Levels of Organization
What is the benefit of being made of all of these cells?
Level
Function
Example
Organ system
Different organs function together
Nervous System
Organ
Different tissues function together
Brain
Tissues
Similar cells function together
Nervous Tissue
Cells
Cells can perform special jobs
Neuron

23. WARM UP
Using a different colored pen/pencil, go back to your vocabulary words from yesterday and simplify or put the definitions you copied from the book into your own words.

24. Cell Types PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE No nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Small ribosomes
Most cells are μm in size
Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
Found only in Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
EUKARYOTE
Has nucleus
Many organelles
Larger ribosomes
Cells can be between 2 - 1,000 μm in size
Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
Includes Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

25. Cell Type: Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes, which includes all bacteria, are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus.
Bacteria cells
Typical bacteria cell

26. Cell Types: Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

27. Different Types of Cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
no nucleus
no nucleus
nucleus
nucleus
small ribosomes
larger ribosomes
small ribosomes
larger ribosomes
no organelles
no organelles
organelles
organelles
very small 1-10m
very small
small
small m
only in bacteria
protists, fungi, plants, animals
protists, fungi, plants, animals
only in bacteria

28. How did organelles evolve?
many scientists theorize that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryote ancestors.
in 1981, Lynn Margulis popularized the “endosymbiont theory.”

29. Endosymbiont theory: Endo = inside Symbiont = friend
a prokaryote ancestor “eats” a smaller prokaryote
the smaller prokaryote evolves a way to avoid being digested, and lives inside its new “host” cell kind of like a pet.
Endo = inside Symbiont = friend

30. the small prokaryotes that can do photosynthesis evolve into chloroplasts, and “pay” their host with glucose.
The smaller prokaryotes that can do aerobic respiration evolve into mitochondria, and convert the glucose into energy the cell can use.
Both the host and the symbiont benefit from the relationship

31. What Are the Parts of Cells
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have some things in common.
All cells have
cell membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
nuclear material
nuclear material
cell membrane
ribosomes
cytoplasm

32. vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc
chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here)
ribosomes: manufacture proteins
mitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here)
cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection
cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support
nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA)
cytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell
Parts of Cells
cytoplasm
nucleus
chloroplast
vacuole
Introduction to cell parts. Functions will be covered with the appropriate process.
ribosomes
mitochondria
cell membrane
cell wall
(p. 175)

33. The Cell cytoplasm nucleus chloroplast vacuole ribosomes mitochondria
Introduction to cell parts. Functions will be covered with the appropriate process.
ribosomes
mitochondria
cell membrane
cell wall
(p. 175)

34. Cell Organelles Animal Plant Cell Membrane Mitochondria Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus
Vacuole
Lysosome
Golgi Body
Ribosome
Cell Wall
Animal
Plant

35. Cell Drawing Assignment
Turn to page 175 in the textbook.
Draw the outer shape of both the animal and plant cells on the paper provided by your teacher
For the outline, draw the cell membrane in both cells and the cell wall around the outside of the plant cell
Inside the cell include only the mitochondria and chloroplasts (label on drawing)

36. Works Cited
Red Blood Cells, Online Image June 5, 2006, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health,
Stomata Online Image, June 5, 2006, Energy Biosciences Program
Skeletal Muscle Cell Online Image, June 5, 2006, Medline Plus,
Bacteria Cells Online Image, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute,

37. Works Cited
Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cell Online Images, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute,
Biology Curriculum Writing Team, Plano Independent School District