Atoms – The Nucleus Part 1

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Presentation transcript:

Atoms – The Nucleus Part 1 CHEMISTRY 11 April 26, 2010

The Nucleus The atom contains a nucleus of protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons Protons are charged +1 Electrons are charged -1 Neutrons are charged 0 (no charge)

The Atom +

The Nucleus & The Periodic Table Atomic number and atomic mass describe the structure of the nucleus of each element Atomic number tells the number of protons in the nucleus (always a whole number) Atomic mass tells the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (always a decimal number) To figure out the average number of neutrons in a particular element, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass

The Nucleus & The Periodic Table http://woodridge.k12.oh.us/ourpages/users/dweaver/Chemistry/ChemistryHelpTopics/SubatomicParticles/subatomicparticles.gif

Element, Isotope, Ion Atoms with different numbers of protons are called “elements” Elements differ by the number of protons in the nucleus Atoms with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus are called “isotopes” Atoms with different numbers of electrons are called “ions”

Elements, Isotopes, Ions Na ISOTOPES of SODIUM Na+

Writing Isotopes The number of neutrons and protons in a particular atom (in this case, uranium) is written concisely as follows: Number of Protons + neutrons Atomic Mass Number of protons Atomic Number

Summary Each different element has a different number of protons in its nucleus A single element has the same number of protons in its nucleus, but can have different numbers of neutrons. Each atom with different numbers of neutrons is called an isotope The atomic number equals the number of protons in the nucleus The atomic mass equals the number of protons + the number of neutrons in the nucleus