By Ms. Reyes Heliotrope Elementary

REVOLUTIONARY WAR: Birth Of A Nation Causes Of The War The following events represent the major events along the way to war. It would be hard to point to any one event that led to the Revolution. The Americans believed they were entitled to the full democratic rights of Englishmen. The British believed that the American colonies were just colonies to be used and exploited in whatever way best suited the Great Britain. Because of these two separate beliefs it was very likely that war would occur French and Indian War Boston Massacre British Impose New Tax 1770 Townshend Act Repealed Stamp Tax Passed Cutter Gaspee Burned Sons of Liberty Formed Boston Tea Party Townshend Acts Imposed1774 Coercive Acts Imposed Colonist Respond With Boycott1774- First Continental Congress Meets British Troops Land in Boston

1778Russia founds 1st permanent settlement on Kodiak Islands in Alaska. Kokiak Brown Bear

1778British Explorer, Captain James Cook lands on Hawaii. He is killed there in 1779.

1776San Francisco is founded. Golden Gate Bridge Present Day San Francisco

1781Felipe de Neve founds a mission at present day Los Angeles. Mission San Fernando

1787Northwest Ordinance is passed by the Confederation Congress of the United States.

1779George Rogers Clark takes Vincennes, Indiana from a British garrison helping secure the American frontier for the colonist cause. Clark’s tombstone

1776The population of Philadelphia is about 35,000. New York has about 22,000 people. Bird’s Eye View of Philadelphia from Lemon Hill in late 1700’s Present Day View of New York City

1770’sSpanish - Texan lead cattle drives to the Mississippi River for shipment north to American rebels.

1780 Bernardo de Galvez, Spanish Governor of Lousiana leads a force of French Creoles, free Blacks and Spanish regulars against British forts at Baton Rouge and Natchez.

1776 A ship flying the flag of the Continental Congress is saluted by Dutch authorities at St. Eusatius Island in the West Indies. The first salute for the new county - United States.

1783Simon Bolivar, South American liberator was born in Venezuela.

19th CenturySouth America countries like Brazil and Argentina will gain their independence in the early years in the 19th century.

1790 London population 950,000 in 1790, Paris has about 600,000 people.

1779American sea captain, John Paul Jones and the Bonhomme Richard defeat the British warship Serapis off the coast of France.

1779 Spain follows French lead and declares war on Great Britain.

1778Jean Jacques Rousseau one of the founders of the Enlightenment, dies in Paris.

Catherine the Great rules Russia.

18th CenturyA majority of American slaves are shipped from the western coast of Africa, variously called the Slave Coast, the Gold Coast and Ivory Coast.

1774The British East India Company, the same company whose tea was dumped in Boston Harbor, appoints the first Governor - General of India.

1773Captain James Cook attempts a scientific exploration of Antarctica.

The Battle of Monmouth During the Winter of 1778, Washington’s troops had suffered a number of defeats in the field, due to superior British tactics. General Friedrich von Steuben from Pressia volunteered to train the American Troops. In May 1778, while British General Clinton’s troops were marching across New Jersey, Washington attacked. The victory here was a small one that boosted American morale, as they applied their lessons learned at Valley Forge from Von Steuben.

The Battle of Lexington

The Battle of Trenton George Washington learned from previous battles that they could not fight the British by conventional methods. On Christmas Day, 1776, early in the morning, Washington attacked Trenton while the Hessians (mercenary soldiers from Germany, hired by King George III) were drunk and sleeping, after their Christmas celebrations. They were completely caught by surprise. The troops under Washington captured over 900 Hessians who were defending the Trenton garrison. This victory gave the colonist ammunition, food, and other important supplies which proved to be crucial to survive the winter of 1777.

Bunker Hill After the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Britain was involved in a war with the American Colonists. The Colonists has captured some heavy cannons which were placed on high ground overlooking Boston Harbor. From these hills the Colonists could shoot at the British ships anchored in Boston Harbor. The British had to dislodge these cannons or abandon Boston and its harbor to the American rebels.

19th CenturyEuropean colonization of Africa begins in the early 19th Century, even though the Boers have already settled in South Africa.