Section One: Hazardous Materials Overview Analyze Plan Implement Evaluate Please explain to the audience that the overall goal of this program is to impart the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for them to respond to a hazardous material incident using the A.P.I.E. framework. A.P.I.E. is the overarching theme of NFPA 472. Section One

Just an ice-breaker, get your attention type clip. More to follow. Section One

Course Objectives Provide information to develop street smart hazardous material incident problem solving skills Assist those preparing for the Haz Mat Operations Level Responder Certification Process Section Objectives: Define a hazardous material Describe the different levels of hazardous materials training: Awareness, Operations, and Technician Understand the laws that govern hazardous material response activities Explain the difference between hazardous materials incidents and other emergencies Explain the need for a planned response to a hazardous materials incident Hazardous materials are present in virtually every community Firefighters may be called to incidents involving chemical spills, emergencies at industrial plants, or railroad or truck crashes These incidents threaten lives, property, and the environment Section One

What Is a Hazardous Material? Any material that poses an unreasonable risk of damage or injury to persons, property, or the environment An estimated 2,000 new chemicals are introduced annually; mostly in 3 categories: Industrial chemicals Household cleaners Lawn care products A loosely interpreted street definition by Ludwig Benner, who is the grandfather of Haz-Mat Response is simply: Any material that when outside of its container can harm people, property, and/or the environment. Department of Transportation: “A material that poses an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of operating emergency personnel, the public, and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacture, processing, packaging, use and disposal, or transportation.” Any substance that stores potentially harmful energy when not contained in its intended container. Hazardous materials can be found anywhere Pure chemicals and chemical mixtures are used to create millions of products Section One

What Is Hazardous Waste? What remains after a process has used some of the material and it is no longer pure Can be just as dangerous as pure chemicals Can be mixtures of several chemicals, resulting in a hybrid substance It may be difficult to determine how such a substance will react when it is released or comes in contact with other chemicals. Section One

DOT Hazard Classes (Department of Transportation) Class 1 – Explosives Class 2 – Gases Class 3 – Flammable combustible liquids Class 4 – Flammable solids Class 5 – Oxidizers Class 6 – Poisons Class 7 – Radioactive materials Class 8 – Corrosives Class 9 – Other Regulated Materials (ORM) This is just to introduce the students to how hazardous materials are classified by the DOT. We will explore each of these categories in greater detail in the following Sections. Section One

Regulations Regulations are issued and enforced by governmental bodies such as: Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) HazWoper is codified at 29 CFR 1910.120 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Non OSHA states fall under 40 CFR 311 Section One

OSHA 1910.120 Levels of Training OSHA identifies five levels of training: Awareness Operations Defensive Technician Specialist Incident Commander Section One

Standards Issued by nongovernmental entities and are generally consensus-based The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a body that issues consensus-based standards National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) issues standards that the public can comment on before they are adopted. Others that may issue non-binding Standards are The National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and the ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Section One

WMD= Weapon of Mass Destruction NFPA Standards Two NFPA standards address hazardous materials response: NFPA 472- Competence of Responders to HM/WMD NFPA 473- Competence of EMS Personnel Responding to HM/WMD WMD= Weapon of Mass Destruction Section One

NFPA 472 Levels of Training NFPA identifies nine levels of training: Awareness Operations (Defensive) Operations (Mission Specific Roles) Technician Incident Commanders Specialists Employee Hazardous Materials Officer Hazardous Materials Safety Officer Technicians with Specialty Tank Car, Cargo Tank, Intermodal, Marine Tank Vessels Section One

Operations Level Responders Operations-level responders can: Recognize a potential hazardous materials/WMD incident Isolate the area Take defensive actions without touching the product Operations-level responders can take defensive actions Firefighters should be able to recognize potential hazardous materials incidents, isolate and deny entry to other responders and the public, evacuate persons in danger, and take defensive actions without having contact with the product. Engage group DISCUSSION on defensive actions and what the students perceive of this method of operation; i.e., risk based response, risk a lot to save a lot; risk nothing to save nothing. Life safety considerations: go or no go. (Risk based response will be discussed in greater detail in a later section.) You may want to use the example of a gasoline tanker vs. private car with entrapment. Gasoline is leaking from the tanker with no fire. The victim is viable; is this a rescue or recovery situation? What protective measures are possible? How about if the substance was marked “corrosive” ? Section One

Technician Level Hazardous materials technicians can: Enter heavily contaminated areas using the highest levels of protection Hazardous materials technicians take offensive actions Section One

Other Hazardous Materials Laws, Regulations, and Regulatory Agencies The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates the transportation of goods by highways, rail, air, and, in some cases, marine transport The U.S. EPA regulates worker safety as well as environmental aspects of hazardous materials OSHA issues guidance on respiratory protection, personal protective equipment, and a multitude of other topics regarding worker safety. Section One

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Original driver for HAZWOPER regulations Indicated that workers handling hazardous waste should have a minimum amount of training The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) was one of the first laws to affect how fire departments respond in a hazardous material emergency. Laid the foundation that allowed fire departments in the community to obtain information about hazardous materials in the community Section One

Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act EPCRA requires a business that handles chemicals to report storage type, quantity, and storage methods to the fire department and the local emergency planning committee Section One

Why Are Hazardous Materials Incidents Different? Engage the class in discussion regarding the differences between haz mat incidents and other routine calls (fires, car accidents, etc.) Firefighters cannot approach a hazardous materials incident with the same mindset used for a structure fire. Fires are fairly predictable Turnout gear is basically the same for every fire Tactics and strategy depend on the structure and degree of fire involvement, rarely the actual chemical nature of the fire. Suppressing a fire is usually more straightforward than handling a hazardous materials incident. At a hazardous materials incident, actions taken are largely dictated by the chemicals involved. Hazardous materials incidents move more slowly than structure fires. Response objectives, the choice of personal protective equipment, and the type of decontamination are complicated decisions that depend on the chemical properties of the hazardous material. It is critical to identify the material(s) involved before taking action. Section One

Summary Hazardous materials are found everywhere Homes Businesses Manufacturing processes Transportation Illegal activities (e.g., drug labs) The picture is of the “one-pot” method of manufacturing methamphetamine. The glass jar in the middle is the one pot into which all chemicals are combined for a quick cook. It is a very dangerous method, as the speed of the reaction needs to be closely controlled or the container will rupture due to over pressurization. June-2005 KMart Meth Lab Creator CAUGHT! Last week, a 34-year-old Eddie Young of Georgia went into his local KMart and started buying classic meth-making supplies. Then, he was so desperate for a fix that he couldn't even make it home ... so he set up a lab in the KMart bathroom. He was arrested for possession of items to manufacture methamphetamines and possession of a controlled substance. Section One

Summary It is imperative that firefighters recognize the presence of a hazardous materials incident and understand what actions can be taken Hazardous materials incidents require slowing down and taking actions based on the properties of the hazardous materials involved Here is an extreme example of recognizing the presence of a hazardous material: A haz mat incident occurred in Western MA (Colrain) in which eels were actually jumping out of a river due to the high acidity caused by an sulfuric acid spill up stream. Would you be able to interpret this phenomenon while responding or on arrival? Section One