RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT CH. 1. PLANET EARTH. 1-1. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE Universe? Star + Planets + Satellites + Comets + (Asteroids) + Meteorites + Dusts.

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Presentation transcript:

RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT CH. 1. PLANET EARTH

1-1. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE Universe? Star + Planets + Satellites + Comets + (Asteroids) + Meteorites + Dusts + Gases...  Star system Star system + Star system + …  Galaxy Galaxy + Galaxy + …  Local group + Local group + …  Universe

Image of the night sky above Paranal on 21 July 2007, taken by ESO astronomer Yuri Beletsky. A wide band of stars and dust clouds, spanning more than 100 degrees on the sky, is seen. This is the Milky Way, the Galaxy we belong to. At the centre of the image, two bright objects are visible. The brightest is the planet Jupiter, while the other is the star Antares. Three of the four 8.2-m telescopes forming ESO's VLT are seen, with a laser beaming out from Yepun, Unit Telescope number 4. The laser points directly at the Galactic Centre. Also visible are three of the 1.8-m Auxiliary Telescopes used for interferometry. They show small light beams which are diodes located on the domes. The exposure time is 5 minutes and because the tracking was made on the stars, the telescopes are slightly blurred.

The Universe within Light Years The Milky Way Galaxy.

More detailed map around Sun. # of stars within 5,000 ly = 600 million

Alpha Centauri, the closest star to us (4.37 LY (light year) away: 1 LY = km)

Andromeda, the closest galaxy to us (2.5 MLY away)

Galaxies around us. The ‘local group’.

Theories of the Origin of the Universe Stationary Cosmology: A. Einstein Expanding Universe Theory Steady State Cosmology: F. Hoyle, H. Bondi, T. Gold Big-Bang Theory: G. Gamov Evidences RED SHIFT: E. Hubble CMBR (COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION): A.A. Penzias, R. Wilson

Absorption lines in the optical spectrum of a supercluster of distant galaxies (BAS11) (right), as compared to those in the optical spectrum of the Sun (left). Arrows indicating Redshift.