National and Regional ITS Architectures Courtesy of Bart Cima, IBI Group

Overview What is the National ITS Architecture? User Services Logical Architecture Physical Architecture Market Packages Developing a Regional ITS Architecture Information Sources

What is the National ITS Architecture?

What is the National ITS Architecture? Provides a structured approach for planning, defining, and integrating intelligent transportation systems that meet national and regional needs Defines: Types of systems to be deployed Functionality of the systems Information exchanged between the systems The National ITS Architecture is a framework for ITS planning that builds on the systems engineering approach.

The National ITS Architecture Is a “Tool” Framework Identifies ITS components and interconnections Vocabulary Uses specific terms for clear communications Guidance For development of ITS project For early identification of integration opportunities For compliance with ITS Standards For customized development of a Regional ITS Architecture

Federal Regulations FHWA Rule and FTA Policy Regions deploying ITS projects shall use the National ITS Architecture to develop a Regional ITS Architecture All ITS projects shall subsequently adhere to the Regional ITS Architecture and ITS Standards Applies to all ITS projects that are funded in whole or in part with the Highway Trust Fund (including Mass Transit Account)

Entry Points Into the Architecture Source: National ITS Architecture – Version 5

User Services

What is a User Service? Defines What ITS Should Do From the User's Perspective Represents a Broad Range of Users Allows System or Project Definition to Begin by Establishing the High Level Services That Will Be Provided to Address Identified Problems and Needs

User Services Bundles Travel and Traffic Management Public Transportation Management Electronic Payment Commercial Vehicle Operations Emergency Management Advanced Vehicle Safety Systems Information Management Maintenance and Construction Operations

Travel and Traffic Management 1.1 Pre-trip Travel Information 1.2 En-route Driver Information 1.3 Route Guidance 1.4 Ride Matching And Reservation 1.5 Traveler Services Information 1.6 Traffic Control 1.7 Incident Management 1.8 Travel Demand Management 1.9 Emissions Testing And Mitigation 1.10 Highway Rail Intersection

Transit and E-Payment 2.0 Public Transportation Management 2.2 En-route Transit Information 2.3 Personalized Public Transit 2.4 Public Travel Security 3.0 Electronic Payment 3.1 Electronic Payment Services

Logical Architecture

Logical Architecture Defines the Processes (the Activities and Functions) That Are Required to Provide the Required User Services Many Different Processes Must Work Together and Share Information to Provide a User Service Can Be Implemented Via Software, Hardware, or Firmware Independent of Technologies and Implementations

Data Flow Diagram Show the Functions That Are Required for ITS and the Information That Moves Between These Functions Circles Represent the Processes or Functions Arrows Represent the Data Flows Parallel Lines Represent Data Stores Rectangles Represent the Terminators

Manage ITS Data Flow Diagram Information Management Emergency Management Travel & Traffic Management Electronic Payment Public Transportation Management Commercial Vehicle Operations Advanced Vehicle Safety Systems M&C Ops Source: Version 5 National ITS Architecture

Manage Traffic – User Services 1.1 Pre Trip Travel Information 1.2 En-Route Driver Information 1.5 Traveler Services Information 1.6 Traffic Control 1.7 Incident Management 1.8 Travel Demand Management 1.9 Emission Testing and Mitigation 1.10 Highway Rail Intersections 3.1 Electronic Payment Services 5.3 Disaster Response and Evacuation 7.1 Archived Data Function 8.1 Maintenance and Construction Operations

Breakdown of Manage Traffic 1.1 Provide Traffic Surveillance 1.2 Provide Device Control 1.3 Manage Incidents 1.4 Manage Travel Demand 1.5 Manage Emissions 1.6 Manage Highway Rail Intersections

1.2 Provide Device Control 1.2.1 Select Strategy 1.2.2 Determine Road and Freeway State 1.2.3 Determine Ramp State 1.2.4 Output Control Data 1.2.5 Manage Parking Lot State 1.2.6 Maintain Static Data for TMC 1.2.7 Provide Roadside Control Facilities 1.2.8 Collect and Process Indicator Fault Data

Source: Version 5 National ITS Architecture

Process Specification Provides an Overview of the Process Set of Functional Requirements Complete Set of Inputs and Outputs Data Dictionary

1.2.7.1-Process Indicator Output Data for Roads Implement the indicator output data Provide control at intersections or pedestrian crossings Provide the interface for data for units that manage multimodal crossings or highway-rail intersections Monitor the status of the indicator equipment and provide fault status Includes list of Data Inputs and Outputs

Physical Architecture

Physical Architecture Forms a high-level structure around the processes and data flows in the Logical Architecture Defines the Physical Entities and Their Connections Relates to Solutions as Implemented

Subsystems Individual physical systems that comprise the overall ITS program Four Types Center Field Vehicle Traveler

National ITS Architecture Subsystems Source: Version 5 National ITS Architecture

Key Terms Equipment Packages: The building blocks of subsystems. Examples: “Onboard Transit Signal Priority”, “Roadway Basic Surveillance” Architecture Flows: Data exchanged between ITS subsystems. Examples: “signal control data”, “traffic images” Market Packages: Links needs to appropriate solutions provided by ITS applications Define the components (equipment packages and subsystems) and interfaces (architecture flows) needed to implement a particular solution

Market Package Service Areas Advanced Traveler Information Systems Advanced Traffic Management Systems Advanced Public Transportation Systems Emergency Management Maintenance and Construction Management Archived Data Management Commercial Vehicle Operations Advanced Vehicle Safety Systems USER SERVICES Travel and Traffic Management Public Transportation Management Electronic Payment Emergency Management Maintenance and Construction Operations Information Management Commercial Vehicle Operations Advanced Vehicle Safety Systems

Market Package Example Architecture Flow Subsystem Equipment Package Source: Version 5 National ITS Architecture

Market Package Example APTS7 – Multi - modal Coordination Source: Version 5 National ITS Architecture

Market Package Example

Consolidated View of the Architecture Source: City of Seattle ITS Master Plan (IBI Group)

Developing a Regional Architecture

What is a Regional ITS Architecture? A framework for implementing and integrating ITS with a region Planning tool for identifying gaps in existing and planned ITS deployments versus transportation needs Involves working with agencies to document partnerships, roles, and responsibilities.

Developing a Regional ITS Architecture Source: Regional ITS Architecture Guidance: Developing, Using and Maintaining an ITS Architecture For Your Region (October 2001)

Regional ITS Architecture Elements Description Of The Region Identification Of Stakeholders Operational Concept Required Agreements System Functional Requirements Interface Requirements And Information Exchanges Identification Of ITS Technical Standards Sequence Of Projects Required For Implementation

Operational Concept Development Operational Concept Defines: Institutional Relationships Among Organizations Roles And Responsibilities Information Exchange

Agreements Between Organizations Documents Current Status of ITS Agreements Identifies Needed Agreements as New Projects are Deployed Provides Guidance on Elements of New Agreement

Technical Framework Provides Guidance For Defining System Functional Requirements Interface Requirements Information Exchanges

ITS Technical Standards Allows systems to “talk to each other” Removes dependency on one vendor FHWA will tie funding to use of standards Identifies Key Regional ITS Technical Standards Provides Guidance on Use of Standards

Fitting It Together

Why Develop a Regional ITS Architecture? Saves Time and Money During Project Development Guides Coordination Among Individual Projects Sets Direction for Improving Efficiency of Transportation System Provides Framework for Sharing Information Among Agencies and General Public Reduces Cost of Implementation Conformance With the Federal ITS Requirements Is Required to Receive Federal Highway Trust Funds

Information Sources National ITS Architecture: US DOT ITS Program: http://www.iteris.com/itsarch/index.htm US DOT ITS Program: http://www.its.dot.gov/ ITS Standards: http://www.standards.its.dot.gov/standards.htm ITS Benefits and Costs http://www.benefitcost.its.dot.gov/ ITS America http://www.itsa.org/ ITS Washington http://depts.washington.edu/itswa/