Earth & Space Science Chapter 25 Test Review Guide How were most of the moon craters formed? Meteoroid Impacts How were most of the moon’s mountain ranges created? 3) What is meant by the terms Near-side and far-side? Near-side = side we see from Earth Far-side = side we don’t see from Earth

What is the difference between a waxing and a waning moon phase? Waxing: Light on right, growing Waning: Light on left, shrinking Be able to recognize the different moon phases. Waxing Gibbous Waxing Crescent Full Waxing Quarter Waning Gibbous Waning Quarter Full Waning Crescent

How does the moon’s period of revolution differ from a lunar month? Period of revolution = 27.3 days Lunar month = 29.5 days Which is more common, a solar or a lunar eclipse? Lunar Which phase is the moon in during a solar eclipse? A lunar eclipse? New Full

How does an annular eclipse differ from a total solar eclipse? Shadow does not reach Earth in annular. Describe the Mercury Program. NASA’s first manned missions. Could the Apollo Spacecrafts be reused? NO 12) How does the Earth and moon’s orbits compare? Both elliptical; Planes of orbit inclined 5 °

The moon is a little more than ¼ the Earth’s diameter. 13. What is lunar gardening? Large meteor explodes on moon surface mixing regolith. 14. Compare the Earth & moon’s diameters. The moon is a little more than ¼ the Earth’s diameter. 15. Review: Who was Alan Shepard? The first American in space. 16. What is Earth’s closest neighbor? The moon.

17. What are moonquakes like? What causes them? They are rare and weak. Meteor Impacts. 18. Why do the sun & moon appear the same size from Earth? Because the sun is much farther away than the moon. 19. How is the moon’s front side different from it’s backside? The front side has more maria and the backside is more cratered.

20) Why does the same side of the moon always face Earth? Because the moon’s period of revolution is equal to the moon’s period of rotation. 21) List the stages (according to current scientific theory) for the formation of the moon. Large object hits Earth ejecting Earth material into space Molten rock from the Earth cools. Rocks bombard Earth’s surface Hot lava fills basins Lunar interior is quiet

22) How do moon and Earth rocks compare? The moon has more rocks containing elements with high melting points. 23) What is lunar regolith? A “soil” mixture of rocks, dust, glassy beads (no organic matter). 24) Why does the moon appear to rise in the east and set in the west? Because Earth rotates from west to east.

25) If moonrise occurs at 8:15 PM today, what time will it rise tomorrow? 50 minutes later or 9:05 PM. 26) Why does the moon go through phases? The moon reflects sunlight and orbits the Earth. 27) What happens if you are in the moon’s umbra? Your location will have a total solar eclipse. 28) How does the moon affect tides? Tides occur 50 minutes later each day. Tides are small during quarter moon phases and large during full and new moons.

29) How long is it from one high tide to the next? 12 hours and 25 minutes 30) What happens to tides when the sun, moon and Earth are lined up? High tides are higher and low tides are lower (Spring Tides). 31) During which moon phases do spring tides occur? During which tide is the tidal range small? New and full moon. Neap tide 32) What types of water bodies experience the greatest tidal range? V-shaped bays

33) Define the following: Mascons: Lunar areas with higher gravity than that of the surrounding area. Rilles: Long, deep cracks in maria bedrock. Maria: Smooth plains with huge circular basins. Ilmenite A type of mineral found in some moon rocks. 34) When is it safe to view a total solar eclipse? During totality. Although to be safe, it’s better to use eclipse glasses or a pinhole viewer.

35) How much would an 180 pound person weigh on the moon? 180 ÷ 6 or 30 pounds. 36) Review: What was the goal of the Apollo missions? To put a man on the moon. 37) Review: Which of the original Mercury astronauts became the oldest astronaut to travel in space in 1998? John Glenn

38) Review: Who was the first person to break the sound barrier? Chuck Yeager 39) Review: What was the purpose of the Gemini missions? To conduct the first spacewalk and to train the astronauts to rendezvous spacecrafts in space. 40) Review: Who was the first woman to travel in space? Valentina Tereshkova