Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 1/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Content Management Systems and Metadata Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen Rik Van de Walle academiejaar

What is Content Management? content is published into the right spot in the publishing template entering content and metadata using an authoring template Logo

Application Server Major Components (example: web access) Database Authoring Templates Publishing User Interface HTML Pages Templates

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 4/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Basic CMS Features Access control: who is allowed to do what? Version control: return to previously saved versions Library o page templates o images o other assets Content repository o databases o XML repository Publishing functionality: creates web pages (or more generally: a portal) using o content o templates

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 5/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Prime Benefit: Efficiency

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 6/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Benefits (aka "promised benefits") "Single source" of content Reusability of content Versioning Easier maintenance Consistency Easier authoring and publishing

Designing/Implementing CMS: Problems

Apart from HW/SW: Other Problems

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 9/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Most Popular Responses "No easy way to integrate controlled vocabularies" "It should be more clear what kind of content the system is designed to manage: documents, web content, etc." "Make it allow for more flexible designs" "Workflow didn't fit my needs" Diversity of responses reflects broad CMS scope

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 10/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Conclusions: Prepare Organization for CMS Complexity Requires coordination across diverse departments and roles, for example o management o IT department o content creators o end-users Requires rigorous project management "A CMS is probably the most complex rollout you and your IT colleagues are likely to have to manage." (Martin White, CMS Consultant and Writer)

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 11/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Conclusions: Tightly Integrate Design and Technology CMS configuration o technical work o often performed by information technologists o gap between technologists and (end-)users Yet many tasks, like creating authoring templates, require a well-designed user interface for content authors Hence, importance of HCI / GUIs

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 12/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Conclusions: Don't Neglect the Content With all the focus on design and implementation, not enough attention is given to o content creation o content migration Ultimately, you are designing a system to deliver content – prioritize it appropriately!!! Migrating old content will always take longer than you expect

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 13/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Reusable Content Requires Standardization Standardize on many levels: o data formats o metadata o authoring templates / GUIs o publishing templates May require coordination across an organization

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 14/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Start with the User Interface This keeps the information centered on user needs, instead of having to retrofit a user interface onto a mismatched information model Helps determine scope: model only the information you need in the system, and avoid an unnecessary large intellectual exercise

Feedback Loop In practice, there is a feedback loop between the user interface and the information model, but focusing on the user interface helps ensure the right design for the user You may have to consider several different UIs that share content to make sure the content is reusable

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 16/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 PublishingTemplates Fewer is better o easier maintenance o more consistent layout o increased usability Example: Cisco.com has nearly one million pages with about three HTML templates

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 17/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Create Semantic Relationships Use metadata to describe the relationship among information types, for (a/o) o content analysis o searching o browsing o indexing

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 18/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Metadata Standards Some major activities identified: o SMEF (Standard Media Exchange Framework) o P/Meta (EBU Project group) o AAF: Advanced Authoring Format o SMPTE-UMID (Society of Motion Pictures and Television Engineers - Unique Material Identifier) o MPEG-7 (Moving Picture Experts Group) o MPEG-21 This list is far from complete!!!

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 19/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Why Standardized Metadata? Standardized metadata allows o authoring once for many destinations o metadata authoring tools that can be supplied to many different customers o editing of metadata that has come from many sources o economy of scale for content providers manufacturers

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 20/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Existing Metadata Technologies Musea o AMICO (Art Museums Image Consortium) o CIDOC (International Committee for Documentation) o ICOM (International Council of Museums) Archiving o OAIS (Open Archival Information System) o ISAD (International Standard Archival Description) from ICA (International Council of Archives) o EAD (Encoded Archival Description) o IASA (International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives)

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 21/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Existing Metadata Technologies Industry in a broad sense o extremely diverse o a lot of proprietary solutions, like UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) OASIS - XML.org BizTalk Importance of XML o separation between content and layout o generic markup language o content-independent o a lot of “XML tools” are already available

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 22/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Existing Metadata Technologies Cross-domain technologies o Resource Description Framework a standard way for using XML to represent metadata in the form of statements about properties and relationships of items heavily used in digital libraries o Dublin Core (Dublin Core Metadata Element Set) 15 element set associated qualifiers to facilitate discovery of resources heavily used in digital libraries

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 23/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 EBU P/Meta Developed by o European Broadcasting Union o project group P/Meta aims at developing common media exchange formats o for broadcasters, publishers and archives o liaison with (a/o) SMPTE and MPEG Problem: too many organizations developing o too many standards o methods and procedures

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 24/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 EBU P/Meta Importance to guarantee compatibility and interoperability o AAF moves in this direction o with an overall metadata infrastructure No detailed, official standards for interoperable audio-visual metadata that includes and integrates o all digital production o distribution o archiving Standardization work is needed Cooperation is needed as well...

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 25/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 TV-Anytime Forum "Watch what you want, when you want" Simpler ways for the consumer to acquire TV content on local storage o click on EPG o trailer o website Personalization and automatic recording

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 26/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 TVA Metadata Assists the consumer in selecting content Supports creation and use of user profiles TVA metadata includes o programme information o segmentation information o related material information o purchase information o user profiles o usage history TVA metadata uses a CRID to refer to content

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 27/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Content Referencing The CRID (Content Reference IDentifier) o allows for location independent referencing of content o is assigned by an authority which also has the ability to resolve the CRID to a location A CRID points to o a single piece of content o or a series of other CRIDs

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 28/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Why is Content Referencing Needed? The same metadata can be used for content regardless of where and when it is broadcast To reference groups of programmes such as an entire series References can be given before time & channel has been decided References work even if there is a change to the scheduled transmission time

All episodes of Foxes ever More Foxes than you can handle crid://hbc.com/comedy/all The one where Fox jumps in the Potomac Fox goes to Washington and jumps in the Potomac crid://hbc.com/foxes/all The one where Fox drowns in the Lake of Geneva Fox goes to Geneva and tries to climb the fountain crid://hbc.com/foxes/all CRID Group information Program information CRID – Grouping example

CRID – Resolution CRID TOP locator CRID A CRID B CRID C CRID B1 CRID B2 locator A CRID can resolve to other CRIDs At some point, CRIDs must resolve to locations CRIDs resolve to lists (of CRIDs or locators)

CRID – Hierarchy Example Star Trek Location 1 Original Series Voyager 1995-present Deep Space Nine The Next Generation Season 1: Episode 1: "The Man Trap" … …… Episode 29: "Operation: Annihilate!" ……… Season 2: Season 3: … Location 2Location

Recording from a trailer

Recording from a Web page

Electronic Programme Guide Creating EPGs with data from many sources

Detailed programme information

Grouping

Searching for interesting programs Search for interesting content without knowing where or when it will be broadcast

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 38/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 TVA – Industry Adoption Transport mechanisms for TVAF data have been incorporated into DVB specifications ARIB has adopted TVAF (Japan – Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) ATSC has selected TVAF metadata (US – Advanced TV Systems Committee) IPTC has (International Press Telecommunications Council) o produced ProgramGuideML o adopted TVAF metadata EBU P/Meta is TVA compatible, using many common elements (Europe) Companies in US, Europe, and Asia are developing TVA-compatible products

Ontwerp van Multimediatoepassingen – CMS + metadata 39/39 Rik Van de WalleGent, oktober 2008 Sources The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Content Management Systems Victor Lombardi Introducing TV Anytime Phase 1 Ronald Tol The MPEG consortium (and its members)