1. Co-funded by the European Union Semantic CMS Community Content Management From free text input to automatic entity enrichment Copyright IKS Consortium 1 Lecturer Organization Date of presentation

2. www.iks-project.eu Page: Copyright IKS Consortium Introduction of Content Management Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies Storing and Accessing Semantic Data Knowledge Interaction and Presentation Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Semantic Lifting Designing Interactive Ubiquitous IS Requirements Engineering for Semantic CMS Designing Semantic CMS Semantifying your CMS Part I: Foundations Part II: Semantic Content Management Part III: Methodologies (2) (1) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

3. www.iks-project.eu Page: What is this Lecture about?  Motivation  What is content management?  Why do we need content management?  Shortcomings  What are shortcomings of existing CMS?  What are approaches to overcome these shortcomings? Copyright IKS Consortium 3 Introduction of Content Management Part I: Foundations (1)

4. www.iks-project.eu Page: „We are drowning in information and starved for knowledge.“  Content is highly available through the Internet and the raising importance of cloud approaches  Information are distributed over people and systems  Data is available in various media and technical formats Copyright IKS Consortium 4 An efficient way for working with huge amounts of unstructured content. NEEDED (John Naisbitt)

5. www.iks-project.eu Page: Who is using Content Management Systems? Copyright IKS Consortium 5

6. www.iks-project.eu Page: The most popular CMS... Copyright IKS Consortium http://en.wikipedia.org 6

7. www.iks-project.eu Page: Content Management Systems  CMS are a single point of entry, providing consistency and the foundations for collaborative work with content  CMS provide functionalities to handle large amounts of content:  Creation of new content  Editing of existing content  Organisation and management of content  Presentation of content  Media-neutral data management (separation of layout and content) Copyright IKS Consortium 7

8. www.iks-project.eu Page: Web Content Management Systems (WCMS)  “A WCMS is a program that helps in maintaining, controlling, changing and reassembling the content on a web-page [...]. The user interacts with the system at the front through a normal web browser. From there he can edit, control parts of the layout and maintain and add to the web-pages without any programming or HTML skills.” - http://www.aiim.org/  WCMS are specific CMS, that focus on the management of digital data for web applications Copyright IKS Consortium 8

9. www.iks-project.eu Page: Multi-Media Content Management Copyright IKS Consortium 9 TV shows Sports

10. www.iks-project.eu Page: Enterprise Content Management (ECM) Copyright IKS Consortium 10

11. www.iks-project.eu Page: Content Management in the Tourism Domain Copyright IKS Consortium 11

12. www.iks-project.eu Page: State of Play in Content Management  Current solutions provide efficient ways to manage content  Domain-specific requirements, like “multichannel content distribution” are addressed  Content can be managed and presented in multi-media formats Copyright IKS Consortium What is missing? 12

13. www.iks-project.eu Page: What am I searching for? Copyright IKS Consortium Are you looking for a cat or a car? 13

14. www.iks-project.eu Page: Shortcomings of “traditional” CMS  Content is only “understandable” by users and not by machines  Irrelevant search results  Aggregation of relevant content needs to be done manually  Inferring Knowledge from Content  Dependencies, relations and inconsistencies among content items need to be identified and defined manually Copyright IKS Consortium 14

15. www.iks-project.eu Page: Requirements on CMS  Search  Searching for keywords instead of formulating questions  Manual identification and selection of relevant content  Aggregation of content (possibly from different sources) needs to be done by the user  Content- and context-aware creation and presentation of content  Interaction with content on the user's level of knowledge Copyright IKS Consortium 15

16. www.iks-project.eu Page: Copyright IKS Consortium How can we improve Content Management Systems to overcome these shortcomings? 16

17. www.iks-project.eu Page: Web evolution Slide by Nova Spivack, Radar Networks Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Web 4.0 17

18. www.iks-project.eu Page: The Semantic Web  The vision of the Semantic Web has been originally proposed by Tim Berners-Lee  “The Semantic Web is not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” [The Semantic Web, 2001]  Data can be processed manually by users and in an automated way Copyright IKS Consortium 18

19. www.iks-project.eu Page: What are we talking about? Copyright IKS Consortium 19 Data Information Knowledge Wisdom ? ?

20. www.iks-project.eu Page: Data  “Data is defined as a symbol that represents a property of an object, an event or their environment. It is the product of observation but is of no use until its in a usable (that is, relevant) form. The difference between data an information is functional not structural.” [Ackoff1989]  Examples:  “John Smith” Copyright IKS Consortium 20

21. www.iks-project.eu Page: Information  “Information is contained in descriptions, answers to questions that begin with such words as ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘how many’. Information systems generate, store, retrieve and process data. Information is inferred from data.” [Ackoff1989]  Examples:  “John Smith is a name.” Copyright IKS Consortium 21

22. www.iks-project.eu Page: Knowledge  “Knowledge is know-how, and is what makes possible the transformation of information into instruction. Knowledge can be obtained either by transmission from another who has it, by instruction, or by extracting it from experience.” [Ackoff1989]  Example:  “John Smith is a potential customer for your products.” Copyright IKS Consortium 22

23. www.iks-project.eu Page: Wisdom  “Wisdom is the ability to increase effectiveness. Wisdom adds value, which requires the mental function that we call judgement. The ethical and aesthetic values that this implies are inherent to the actor and are unique and personal.” [Ackoff1989]  Example:  „It would be right/wrong to sell the product to John Smith.“ Copyright IKS Consortium 23 “Knowledge is knowing that a tomato is a fruit; wisdom is knowing not to put it in a fruit salad.” Brian O'Driscoll

24. www.iks-project.eu Page: DIKW Hierarchy Copyright IKS Consortium 24 “Information is not knowledge, Knowledge is not wisdom, Wisdom is not truth, Truth is not beauty, Beauty is not love, Love is not music, and Music is the best.” Frank Zappa, "Packard Goose" Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Context Meaning Insight [Ackoff1989]

25. www.iks-project.eu Page: Lessons Learned  Understand the need for an efficient content management solution  What are the different „types“ of CMS and what do they provide?  The shortcomings of existing content management solutions.  Distinction among the terms in the DIKW pyramide (data, information, knowledge, wisdom) Copyright IKS Consortium 25

26. www.iks-project.eu Page: Literature  Ackoff, Russell (1989). "From Data to Wisdom". Journal of Applied Systems Analysis Copyright IKS Consortium 26