The objectives of cataloguing, the technology and the user interface Knut Hegna University of Oslo Informatics library

In the year 1545 Bibliotheca Universalis, or Very extensive catalogue including all writings, in three languages, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, existing and non-existing, old and new to this date, scholarly and non-scholarly, published and hidden in the libraries. A new work, necessary not only when a establishing public and private libraries, but very useful for all that studies any art or science as a better fundament for the studies. Author: Conrad Gesner, doctor in medicine, Tigurino (Zürich)

Objectives, rules and principles what we want to achieve Rules how we achieve it Principles character of the rules

Objectives and rules: Cutter 1904 You might be familiar with Charles Cutter's work which was published in its 4th edition in 1904. It is cited everywhere in these days. The first edition was published in 1876, so the 4th ed. is the result of at least 28 years of discussions On the left side here we have the objectives and on the right side the rules or means to achieve the objectives. * the first item is the finding objectives * the second is the collocating objectives * the third is the selecting (or choice) objective As you see, the rules or means are closely connected to the objectives. When formulating the objectives in this way, you get operational objetives, you see what rules you must have. Seven years ago, the objective for the Dublin Core Metadata Set was formulated like this: "To improve retrieval on net". This is not very operational and maybe this is the reason Dublin Core has not had its breakhtrough in the library community. As Michael Gorman said: they're trying to reinvent the wheel as something other than round. In the library community we have a clear understanding of the objectives and the means to achieve them. 1. To enable a person to find a book of which either A. the author B. the title is known C. the subject 2. To show what the library has D. by a given author E. on a given subject F. in a given kind of literature 3. To assist in the choice of a book G. as to its edition H. as to its character 1. Author-entry with the necessary references (for A and D) 2. Title-entry og title-reference (for B) 3. Subject-entry, cross-references and classed subject-table (for C and E) 4. Form-entry and language-entry (for F) 5. Giving edition and imprint, with notes when necessary (for G) 6. Notes (for H) }

Card catalogue structure - author with extensive production James Duff Brown published two works on libraries in the beginning of the 20th century. The first one is entitled "manual of library economy", the second one from which this is cited is entitled "Library classification and cataloguing". This is his proposal for filing in the card catalogue the works of an author with extensive production. <go through> Now if you were to pull out a drawer in the card catalogue with this structure, you would be presented to the authors whole life and works at a glance. The intellectual work put down in the filing rules disappeared when converting to the online data base catalogue. When the card catalogue represented structure, the online catalogue was just a huge amount of of single records. When you do a search in an online catalogue the result list is often without structure even though it is based on the same cataloguing rules as the card catalogue. Single works in chronological order of publication Originals, including manuscripts Reprints Translations in foreign languages Parodies Criticism, etc., of single works Collected works in chronological order of publication Author's editions Editor's editions Selections Paraphrases and condensed versions Dramatic versions of works Musical settings of works ... Biblography Index James Duff Brown. 1916

The Paris objectives - 1961 To decide 1. Whether the library contains a particular book specified by a. its authors and title, or b. if no author is named in the book, its title alone, or c. if author or title are inappropriate or insufficient for identification, a suitable substitute for the title 2. a. which works by a particular author b. which editions of a work are in the library.

FRBR model (1998) - the short version ER : Entities, attributes, Relations entities: of which there are ten, divided in three groups: Group 1: works, expressions of the works, manifestations of the expression (documents), and items (copies) of the manifestations. Works and expressions are abstract. Manifestations and items relate to physical publications. Group 2: responsibility entities - persons and corporate bodies. Group 3: subject entities - concepts, places, events and objects. The other entities might also appear as subject entities. attributes: the entities are described through their attributes. Some examples: a person has a name and birth date; a work has a title; a manifestation has a date of publication and an identification number (e.g. ISBN); an item (copy) has a call number. relations: are defined as links or references between the entities. A work is created by a person. It is a relation between the work and the author of the work. Some other relations: a work is realized through one or more expressions; an expression is embodied in one or more manifestations; a manifestation is exemplified by one or more items.

Entities and relations: Group 1 Group 2 created by Heart of darkness Joseph Conrad Heart of darkness Selected works edited by Heart of dark. critical edition Robert Kimbrough is realized through read by Heart of dark. sound rec David Threlfall Heart of dark. CD version translated by Det inderste mørke Sigurd Hoel Ungdom published by Gyldendal Mørkets hjerte Mørkets hjerte 1992 Mørkets hjerte 1999

The objectives of FRBR to find to identify to select to obtain entities that correspond to the user's stated search criteria to identify i.e to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought to select an entity that is appropriate to the user's needs or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to obtain the entity described through purchase, loan or through electronic access

Svenonius’ objectives To find/locate a single document sets of all documents belonging to the same work belonging to the same edition by a given author on a given subject defined by other criteria To navigate in a bibliographic database to find works related to a given work by generalization,association and aggregation to find attributes related by equivalence, association and hierarchy

Entities and relations: Work, expressions, manifestations, items FRBR report Work Expr. Manif. Items. English Norwegian Polish file on pc file at IFLA-site paper version file on pc file at Nat.lib. site paper version My PC copy on your screen My paper copy My PC copy on your screen My paper copy

OPAC display guidelines User needs principles Content and arrangement principles Standardization principle

OPAC display guidelines User needs principles Content and arrangement principles display what is asked for and needed for further action display records in an order meaningful to the user, rather than in a random order, when several records are retrieved support navigation from the displayed information to related information Standardization principle

Conrad*

Conrad* Conrady, August [1864-1925] Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz Conradson, Ivar [1884-1968] Conradi, Johan Gottfried [1820-1896] Conradi, Andreas Christian [1809-1868] Conrad, Michael Georg [1846-1927] Conrad, Joseph [1857-1924] psevd for Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski Joseph Conrad Novels: Almayer’s folly The arrow of gold Chance Heart of darkness Lord Jim The nigger of the ”Narcissus” ...

Conrad* Conrady, August [1864-1925] Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz Conradson, Ivar [1884-1968] Conradi, Johan Gottfried [1820-1896] Conradi, Andreas Christian [1809-1868] Conrad, Michael Georg [1846-1927] Conrad, Joseph [1857-1924] psevd for Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski Joseph Conrad Short stories: An anarchist Because of the dollars The brute The duel (a military tale) Falk: a reminiscence Gaspar Ruiz The idiots

Conrad* Conrady, August [1864-1925] Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz Conradson, Ivar [1884-1968] Conradi, Johan Gottfried [1820-1896] Conradi, Andreas Christian [1809-1868] Conrad, Michael Georg [1846-1927] Conrad, Joseph [1857-1924] psevd for Teodor Jozef Konrad Korzeniowski Joseph Conrad Novels: Almayer’s folly The arrow of gold Chance Heart of darkness Lord Jim The nigger of the ”Narcissus” ...

Conrad* Under Western eyes The shadow line The secret agent Nostromo The Nigger of the ”Narcissus” Lord Jim Heart of darkness [1902] by Joseph Conrad - Heart of darkness Languages: Coeur des ténébres [French] Heart of darkness [English] Herz der Finsternis [German] Det inderste mørke [Norwegian] Ja;dro ciemnos'ci [Polish] Mørkets hjerte [Norwegian] Mörkrets hjärta [Swedish] Works based on: Heart of darkness

Conrad* Mörkrets hjärta [Swedish] Ja;dro ciemnos'ci [Polish] Det inderste mørke [Norwegian] Herz der Finsternis [German] Coeur des ténébres [French] Heart of darkness [English] Mørkets hjerte by Joseph Conrad 1st. Norwegian edition: Det inderste mørke Original title: Heart of darkness - Editions: Mørkets hjerte [1992] translator : Sigurd Hoel series: 20.århundre Mørkets hjerte [1999] translator : Sigurd Hoel series: Gyldendal klassiker Mørkets hjerte [2003] translator : Bjørg Hawthorn series: Kagge pocket

Conrad* Mörkrets hjärta [Swedish] Ja;dro ciemnos'ci [Polish] Det inderste mørke [Norwegian] Herz der Finsternis [German] Coeur des ténébres [French] Conrad, Joseph Mørkets hjerte / Joseph Conrad ; oversatt av Sigurd Hoel. – Oslo : Gyldendal, 1992. - 148, [1] s. ; 21 cm. - (20. århundre). – (823[S]) Originaltittel: Heart of darkness. – Utgitt første gang på norsk 1929 med tittel: Det inderste mørke ISBN 82-05-20923-5 (h.) : Nkr 148.00 Heart of darkness [English] Mørkets hjerte by Joseph Conrad 1st. Norwegian edition: Det inderste mørke Original title: Heart of darkness - Editions: Mørkets hjerte [1992] translator : Sigurd Hoel series: 20.århundre Mørkets hjerte [1999] translator : Sigurd Hoel series: Gyldendal klassiker Mørkets hjerte [2003] translator : Bjørg Hawthorn series: Kagge pocket close order

Still I can not help thinking that the golden age of cataloging is over, and that the difficulties and discussions which have furnished an innocent pleasure to so many will interest them no more. Another lost art. Charles A. Cutter, 1904

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