MCL 811 : Advanced Power Generation Systems: 3-0-0-2 : Introduction P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Essential Prime Movers for Human Development ….

Definition of the Course Title According to basic Thermodynamics, A system undergoes a cycle or process to create useful actions. Thermodynamic representation of actions: Heat Transfer & Work Transfer. Present course is focused only on an action called, Power Generation : Rate of Positive Work Transfer Conservation of Energy demands a need for resource.

The Principle of Design What is the better method of operation for a Power generation system? Process or Cycle ?!?!?!? Before answering this question, we need to answer another basic question. Why humans need this action? How important is this reaction for sustainable human development?

Thermodynamic Classification of Living Species Life on Earth Carbon Energy Reservoirs Autotrophs Heterotrophs Somatic Heterotrophs Extra-Somatic Heterotrophs

Humans : Extra-somatic Heterotrophs The humans are extrasomatic heterotrophs. The ability to use energy extrasomatically enables human beings to use far more energy than any other heterotroph that has ever evolved. The human population modified more and more of its environment by using extrasomatic energy to suit human needs. The world's present population of over 5.5 billion is sustained and continues to grow through the use of extrasomatic energy. The human race expanded its resource base so that for long periods it has exceeded contemporary requirements.

Energy System Vs Technology Silicon Era Machine Free Era ??? Machines Era Water Mills Wind Mills Heat Engines Steam /gas turbines Compound Tool Era Single body Tool Era Cattle as Energy Systems Pre-historic Technology Humans as Energy Systems Pre-historic Energy Systems

Cyclic Nature of Earth’s Eco System Matter cycles in regions of energy flow; such cycles, visible in natural complex structures, including those of life, occur as limited material resources scramble to provide a vehicle for entropy export. {Schneider & Sagan, 2005}

Cyclic Nature of Eco-System On earth SOLAR ENERGY INCOMING RESOURCE CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR RADIATION WINDS VEGETATION Heating of OCEAN S CLOUDS RAINS CHEMICAL ENERGY FOSSILIZATION COAL FOSSIL FUEL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS

ONE TIME RESOURCE INCOMING RESOURCE THERMAL FOSSIL FUEL SOLAR SOLAR ENERGY INCOMING RESOURCE CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR RADIATION WINDS VEGETATION OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CLOUDS WIND ENERGY VELOCITY THERMAL WAVE RAINS CHEMICAL ENERGY HYDRO ENERGY FOSSILIZATION COAL FOSSIL FUEL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS Calorific Value

ONE TIME RESOURCE INCOMING RESOURCE THERMAL FOSSIL FUEL SOLAR SOLAR ENERGY INCOMING RESOURCE CO2 + H2O PHTOSYNTHESIS SOLAR RADIATION WINDS VEGETATION OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CLOUDS WIND ENERGY VELOCITY THERMAL WAVE RAINS CHEMICAL ENERGY HYDRO ENERGY FOSSILIZATION COAL FOSSIL FUEL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS Fossil Chemical Energy