1. Could I receive an A for this class 1. Could I receive an A for this class. If I don't get an 'A' I won't get the scholarship that I apply for Appeal to pity This line of "reasoning" is fallacious because pity does not serve as evidence for a claim Just to get a scholarship does not justify a person to be given an A – There are other criteria to be considered Logical Fallacies

2. All women in my family love babies. All women love babies Hasty generalization Faulty logic – unqualified A generalization. This fallacy is committed when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is not large enough Logical Fallacies

3. You shouldn’t accept national health care because it is a socialist idea Red herring Switching to another issue to distract from the main argument. This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because merely changing the topic of discussion hardly counts as an argument against a claim. Logical Fallacies

4. In a democracy the people are free because democracies are free countries. Begging the question Circular argument This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because simply assuming that the premise is true does not constitute evidence for that conclusion. Democracy = free country = free people. Circular argument with no end. Logical Fallacies

Faulty logic – unqualified Generalization. Making a 5. The gang members caught by the police last night comprises immigrants from country X. Most immigrants who work in this country have trouble with the law and come from country X where thievery are rampant. Hasty generalization Faulty logic – unqualified Generalization. Making a judgment based on a small Sample. Logical Fallacies

6. Ralph Nader was the best candidate for president, because he was totally better than any of the others. Begging the question/ Circular argument Assumption -- Nader is better than the other candidates, conclusion -- Nader is the best. This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because simply assuming that the conclusion is true (directly or indirectly) in the premises does not constitute evidence for that conclusion. Logical Fallacies

Appeal to fear /scare tactics 7. If you don't finish your homework you won't get a good grade.  Then you won't be able to get into the college you want.  You will end up cleaning toilets for a living. Appeal to fear /scare tactics It is an appeal to force or threat instead of trying to convince someone with facts or a logical argument Logical Fallacies

8. How could anyone vote for Hilary Clinton for senator 8. How could anyone vote for Hilary Clinton for senator?The fact that she is married to Clinton proves that she has no self respect. Ad hominem Attacking the person rather than the issue. Ad Hominem" means "against the man" or "against the person. Ad Hominem is a fallacy because the character, circumstances, or actions of a person do not (in most cases) have a bearing on the truth of the claim being made (or the quality of the argument being made). Logical Fallacies

Burden of proof Causal fallacy 9. UFO must exist because no reputable studies have proven conclusively that they do not. Burden of proof Shifts the burden of proof to the other party in order to make a claim. However, no evidence is given to proof that UFO do exist. Causal fallacy Logical Fallacies

Appeal to vanity/flattery 10. If you are beautiful, you could live like this, so buy Buty-EZ and become beautiful. Appeal to vanity/flattery Here the appeal is to beautiful people. This line of "reasoning" is fallacious because the fact that flattery does not, in general, serve as evidence that the claim is true. Logical Fallacies

11. State the fallacy implied Logical Fallacies

Appeal to number /Bandwagon / peer pressure My friends uses Linux because it makes their PC more powerful & stable. My friend uses Linux so must I. Appeal to number /Bandwagon / peer pressure Implies something is right because everybody believes so. This line of "reasoning" is fallacious because peer pressure and threat of rejection do not constitute evidence for rejecting a claim Logical Fallacies

Slippery slope /domino theory 12. We can’t allow students any voice in decision making, if we do, it wont be long before they are in total control Slippery slope /domino theory No middle road is given. Assumes that when the first action is taken, it would subsequently follow through to the last. Is this true? Logical Fallacies

False dilemma (black or white/ either – or) 13. Women need to be either brilliant or beautiful to survive in this world. False dilemma (black or white/ either – or) Include either…or… . Just gives two opposite extremes instead of allowing for other possibilities. Not all women who survive in this world are brilliant or beautiful. Logical Fallacies

Strawman (oversimplification) 14. Those who favor gun-control legislation just want to take all guns away from responsible citizens and put them into the hands of the criminals. Strawman (oversimplification) misrepresent an opponent's position to make it easier to attack, usually by distorting his or her views to ridiculous extremes Logical Fallacies