Flow, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure can be used to calculate respiratory system compliance, chest-wall compliance,

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Chapter 2 Basic Terms & Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation.

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L U N G COMPLIANCE ? Physiology Unit.

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Measurement of static and dynamic compliance during mechanical ventilation. A tidal volume is delivered, causing a peak in airway pressure; dynamic compliance.

The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.

Airway pressure and flow waveforms during constant flow volume control ventilation, illustrating the effect of an end-inspiratory breath-hold. Airway pressure.

Trigger pressure-time product (PTP) with zero pressure support, with no leak, medium leak, and large leak. Trigger pressure-time product (PTP) with zero.

Example ventilator screen during nasal neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in a premature neonate (23 weeks gestational age, 560 g) with respiratory distress.

Air flow during ventilator-supported speech production.

Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Lung CT images were obtained while tracing the curve in static conditions. Note.

Lung simulator diagram of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV): volume (yellow), lung pressure (white), and flow (orange)/time curve. Lung simulator.

The Spectrum mask incorporates the leak port into the circuit, whereas the Mirage mask incorporates the leak port into the mask. The Spectrum mask incorporates.

Flow chart of pressure support test and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Flow chart of pressure support test and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). The.

A) Experimental system to carry out a bench test of noninvasive ventilators. a) Experimental system to carry out a bench test of noninvasive ventilators.

Several potential sources of error in esophageal manometry are illustrated in this transverse section of the thorax. Several potential sources of error.

A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). A: Pressure (green) and volume (black)/time curve in airway.

An example of delayed cycling during pressure-support ventilation of a patient with COPD, on a Puritan Bennett 7200 ventilator, which has a flow-termination.

Asynchrony index at baseline and following optimization of pressure support (PS) level (A), and following optimization of mechanical inspiratory time (mechanical.

Likert-scale agreement ratings regarding the use of extubation readiness parameters by pediatric critical care physicians. Likert-scale agreement ratings.

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Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous mandatory ventilation. Simulated screenshot of flow starvation in volume control continuous.

Characteristics of a pressure-supported breath.

A: Schematic representation of the heterogeneity of the lungs of patients with ARDS. Normal alveoli are subject to injury due to overdistention, whereas.

The peak flows (60 L/min) and flow patterns are the same for all the breaths. The peak flows (60 L/min) and flow patterns are the same for all the breaths.

Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (squares) decreases with incomplete inhalations of the test gas. Diffusing capacity of the lung.

Ultrasonographic assessment of diaphragm thickness.

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Example of invasive measurement of respiratory pressures.

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Typical pressure-time curves during forced expiration against an occluded airway in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy controls. Typical pressure-time.

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A 2-min recording showing periodic breathing, stable delivered pressure, and fluctuating oxygen saturation in a premature neonate supported by nasal intermittent.

This tracing depicts 30 seconds of information.

Graphic representation of a dynamic airway pressure scalar during volume control ventilation with a constant inspiratory flow. Graphic representation of.

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Negative pressures calculated with the Rosen and Hillard formula

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Control circuit for an adaptive pressure targeting scheme (eg, Pressure Regulated Volume Control). Control circuit for an adaptive pressure targeting scheme.

Blom speech cannula. Blom speech cannula. Inspiratory pressure opens the flap valve and closes (expands) the bubble valve, sealing the fenestration so.

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Static pressure-volume curve from a patient with ARDS showing the lower inflection point (LIP) on the inflation limb signifying the beginning of significant.

Control circuit for set-point or dual targeting schemes.

Control circuit for a servo targeting scheme (eg, Proportional Assist Ventilation). Control circuit for a servo targeting scheme (eg, Proportional Assist.

This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child with obstructive lung disease due to cystic fibrosis. This figure is an example of a 14-year-old child.

Calculated negative pressure developed in the lung plotted against the outside diameter of the suction catheter to the inside diameter of the airway. Calculated.

Flow, airway pressure, and transversus abdominis electromyogram (EMG) waveforms from a mechanically ventilated patient with COPD receiving pressure-support.

Schematic of mechanisms behind the better recruitment of alveoli with spontaneous breathing. Schematic of mechanisms behind the better recruitment of alveoli.

Components of a patient-triggered mechanical breath.

FEV1 and FVC for the control group (without noninvasive ventilation [NIV]), NIV with an inspiratory pressure (IPAP) of 15 cm H2O and expiratory pressure.

Determinants of patient-ventilator interaction.

Correlation between maximum inspiratory pressure and inspiratory load compensation (ILC) ventilatory variables in the 16 difficult-to-wean subjects, prior.

Relationship of mouth pressure (Pmo) and box pressure (Pbox) by body plethysmography under closed–loop panting conditions (left) and open-loop panting.

Airway pressure and flow graphics illustrate delayed cycling.

Ventilation protocol. Ventilation protocol. The PEEP group raised peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) through 5-cm H2O PEEP increments every 2 min while keeping.

A: Work of breathing before and after nebulized terbutaline delivered via standard nebulization method versus delivered during continuous positive airway.

Inspiratory load compensation responses before and after inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) in the unweaned versus weaned subjects, with a 10.

Depiction of an expiratory flow curve.

The changes in peak flow and inspiratory time between a minimum rise time (first 2 breaths) and a maximum rise time (last 2 breaths), with the Servo-i.

Relationship between airway resistance (Raw) and lung volume, the reciprocal of Raw (conductance of the airways [Gaw]) and lung volume, and Gaw/TGV (thoracic.

Experimental setup. Experimental setup. Each tested ventilator was connected to the TTL test lung via a ventilator circuit. An oxygen analyzer, a pressure.

Progression of spontaneous breathing trials administered during inspiratory muscle strength training study interventions. Progression of spontaneous breathing.

For inspiratory load compensation testing, this threshold positive expiratory pressure (PEP) training device was inverted and connected to a respiratory.

Lung model expiratory CO2 (or PETOv2) representing simulated alveolar CO2 at baseline (no high-flow nasal cannula) and effect on expiratory CO2 at different.

A: Comparison of pediatric lung transplant survival between different age groups. A: Comparison of pediatric lung transplant survival between different.

Average drug doses in the peripheral lung, central lung, and extrathoracic airway; residual drug left in the device; and residual drug that was exhaled.

Effects of an automated endotracheal-tube-compensation system on a pressure-support breath. Effects of an automated endotracheal-tube-compensation system.

Presentation transcript:

Flow, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure can be used to calculate respiratory system compliance, chest-wall compliance, lung compliance, inspiratory airway resistance, and expiratory airway resistance. Flow, esophageal pressure, airway pressure, and transpulmonary pressure can be used to calculate respiratory system compliance, chest-wall compliance, lung compliance, inspiratory airway resistance, and expiratory airway resistance. See text for details. PIP = peak inspiratory pressure; Pplat = plateau pressure. Dean R Hess Respir Care 2014;59:1773-1794 (c) 2012 by Daedalus Enterprises, Inc.