Study guide will be passed out this Friday or Monday We are reviewing Ch. 17, Section 1 and Section 2 today and tomorrow. Section 3 on Wednesday. Thursday and Friday will be formatted a bit different. Test is moved up to Wednesday, March 7th!!! Test Review will be Tuesday, March 6th Study guide will be passed out this Friday or Monday

Bellwork Monday 2-26 Week of 2-26 to 3-02 1.) Name McCombe Hour Date Bellwork Week of 2-26 to 3-02 1.) Monday 2-26 One thing I need to do to prepare for the test is…

Ch.17, Section 1: Mobilizing For Defense The Japanese expected that the attack on Pearl Harbor would make America pull back and not cause any conflict. A Japanese paper said that the attack had caused America to “tremble in her shoes” However, America was trembling with rage, not fear

Selective Service And The GI After Pearl Harbor, many young people rushed to enlist to help the country 5 million volunteered for the war effort, but this was not enough people to defeat the two fronts The Selective Service System expanded the draft and this lead to 10 million more soldiers enlisting Draftees and volunteers had eight weeks of basic training

Expanding The Military The military’s work force needs were so great that they needed more expansion. Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall wanted women to be involved He pushed for the creation of Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps(WAAC) Under this, women could volunteer for noncombat positions Many in Congress thought it was “silly”, but it still passed on May 15, 1942

Expanding the Military Gave the women in the WAAC status and a salary, but not as many benefits as males were given By 1943, thousands of women had joined and the auxiliary status had been dropped and women were able to get full Army benefits WAC’s worked in positions like nurses, electricians, radio operators, ambulance drivers and pilots.

Recruiting and Discrimination Many minorities felt that the war had caused a dilemma. This included groups like Mexican Americans, Native Americans, African Americans and Asian Americans They were confined to racially segregated neighborhoods and reservations. Many were even denied citizenship. This being said, many felt it was not their war to fight.

Dramatic Contributions More than 300,000 Mexican Americans joined the Armed Forces, despite the discrimination they faced. One million African Americans joined as well. Despite the large number who joined, they were confined to segregated units and noncombat roles. Eventually, they were able to take combat roles starting around April of 1943 More than 13,000 Chinese Americans joined as well. 33,000 Japanese Americans joined. Out of all of the Asian Americans, several thousand volunteered as spies and interpreters.

Dramatic Contributions Over 25,000 Native Americans volunteered for the war effort as well. Of this 25,000, over 800 women were involved.

A Production Miracle February 1942: Automobile production for private use vehicles ended. After this was announced, it was only a matter of weeks before auto plants had been transformed into plants to produce tanks, planes, boats and command cars. All over the country, other factories and plants turned in to places to produce goods for the war.

Labor’s Contribution Soon after the war began, it was apparent that there were not nearly enough workers to produce what was needed for the military and the rest of the country By 1944, nearly 18 million workers were working to produce what was needed. This was more than 3 times as many as just 3 years prior. 6 million of the new workers were women. At first, it was thought women would not be able to last working in factories. Women proved they could handle working with tools and working long hours in factories. 2 million women from minority groups were hired as well Before the war, 75% of defense contractors refused to hire African Americans. Those that did hire them, only let them work menial jobs like janitors.

Labor’s Contribution A. Phillip Randolph: President and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters He was also the nation’s most respected African- American labor leader. He organized a march with the nation’s African Americans in D.C. They wanted the right to work and to fight for the country alongside white men Roosevelt and Randolph met and Randolph said he was bringing more than D.C. could handle Roosevelt backed down and issued an executive order that allowed African Americans to participate just as white men were able to.

Mobilization Of Scientists 1941: Roosevelt created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) This allowed scientists to be brought into the war effort. OSRD: created new technologies in radar and sonar, submarines and new technology to fight insects. DDT: A pesticide created to kill bugs. Allowed U.S soldiers to be free of lice, the first soldiers in history to do so. OSRD: Created the first atomic bomb, initially thought it would take 3-5 years Shortened the time Development of bomb was called the Manhattan Project

The Federal Government Takes Control Fewer consumer products were available due to the war effort Factory production was primarily towards the war effort Prices of goods for purchase went up due to less being produced for consumers Roosevelt created the Office of Price Administration(OPA). OPA fought inflation by freezing prices on goods Congress raised income tax rates and extended the tax to millions of people Higher taxes reduced consumer demand on scarce goods because consumers had less money to spend Government encouraged people to buy war bonds The government needed to ensure that the armed forces and war industries received resources they needed to win war

The Federal Government Takes Control The War Production Board (WPB) assumed the responsibility to ensure everyone got what they needed to win the war They decided which companies would convert from peacetime industries to war time industries They also organized nationwide drives to collect things like scrap tin cans, paper, rags and cooking fat. These were able to be used for wartime products Children would participate in these drives as well In Chicago, children were able to collect 36 million pounds of old paper over the course of five months.

Rationing: Establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed essential under the military Each household would receive a booklet that allowed them to buy a certain number of products like meat, shoes, sugar, coffee and gasoline. Gas rationing was probably the hardest for people to abide by Most Americans accepted rationing as doing their part for the war Families did what they could to abide by the rationing However, some people would cheat the rationing by hoarding goods or purchasing through the black market. This allowed people to buy goods that were rationed at extremely inflated prices