Important Tennessee Settlers and Settlements 8.19 Describe the causes, course, and outcome of the French and Indian War, including the massacre at Fort Loudoun. 8.20 Explain the impact of individuals who created interest in the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, including: Long hunters, Wilderness Road, Daniel Boone, William Bean, Thomas Sharpe Spencer, Dr. Thomas Walker 8.21 Summarize the major events of the Watauga Settlement, including: Watauga Settlement, Battle of Alamance and Regulators, Watauga Purchase and Compact, James Robertson, Little Carpenter, Dragging Canoe, Richard Henderson, Transylvania Purchase, Treaty of Sycamore Shoals) Flashcards for the test – print and glue the name on one side of an index card and then the definition, significance, or important fact on the other side.

Massacre at Fort Loudoun

Massacre at Fort Loudoun August 1760 the Cherokee attacked the fort and burned it down. They promised safe passage back east to the women and children, if the men laid down their weapons and surrendered the fort, but they were attacked by the Cherokee. 26 were killed in the attack and 200 were taken prisoner and held for ransom by the Cherokee.

Fort Loudoun

Fort Loudoun Outpost for the British in eastern Tennessee that was settled in 1756 in order to keep the French out of this area. It became the center of trade for the British in the area. It was later burned by the Cherokee when relations broke down in 1760. This was the first settlement in Tennessee.

Longhunters

Longhunters These were hunters in the Appalachian Mountains who lived away from the colonies in the backcountry (eastern mountains of Tennessee). Their hunting trips would last for 6 or more months – thus the term longhunter.

Wilderness Road

Wilderness Road This was a road built by Daniel Boone and his men. The road went through the Cumberland Gap and into Kentucky and Tennessee. This road help westward movement into Kentucky and Tennessee.

Cumberland Gap

Cumberland Gap This is a natural pass through the Appalachian Mountains created by a meteorite strike a LONG time ago. Settlers travelled through this pass to travel into Kentucky and Tennessee. It was named by Dr. Thomas Walker for the Duke of Cumberland.

Daniel Boone

Daniel Boone He was the most FAMOUS Tennessee Longhunter. He built the Wilderness Road. He was hired by Richard Henderson to bring settlers into Tennessee and Kentucky. Fort Boonesboro in Kentucky was named for him.

William Bean

William Bean He was the first permanent settler in Tennessee. He founded the Watauga settlement. He was a longhunter.

Thomas Sharpe Spencer

Thomas Sharpe Spencer He was the first permanent settler in Middle Tennessee. He was a longhunter.

Dr. Thomas Walker

Dr. Thomas Walker He was the person who named the Cumberland Gap for the Duke of Cumberland.

Watauga Settlement

Watauga Settlement This settlement was started by William Bean. This was the first permanent settlement made in Tennessee. It was located between the Holston and Nolichucky Rivers in east Tennessee.

Battle of Alamance

Battle of Alamance May 1771, The Regulators were upset with North Carolina and South Carolina over taxes – they clash – two hour battle – 6 killed on each side. The British soldiers offer the Regulators a chance to surrender and submit allegiance to the king. 6 more Regulators were sentenced to death for treason. LARGE numbers of the Regulators move into Kentucky and Tennessee in order to get away from the rule of the king. At the same time the Regulator movement can also be viewed as one of a series of clashes between east and west. Significance: It stood as a grand lesson to the people of the whole country, because it set them to thinking of armed resistance and showed them how weak might be the British effort to suppress a full-scale revolution. This battle was YEARS before the final break at Lexington and Concord.

Regulators

Regulators They were frontiersmen allied in opposition to practices of government officials which they considered unjust and tyrannical. They opposed the ruling class represented by the governor and his friends. They opposed unnecessary taxation by the governor.

Watauga Purchase

Watauga Purchase The Wataugans purchased the land they occupied from the Cherokee Indians in the spring of 1775 when Henderson purchased. Transylvania. This purchase secured the lands in east Tennessee March 19, 1775 John Sevier signed this purchase among others.

Watauga Compact

Watauga Compact This document became the first Constitution written and adopted by the free people of America in 1772. It’s major concerns were the location of and maintenance of roads, taxes, and the establishment of a militia. (we were still fighting the American Revolution and had not yet declared independence - this is why this is a significant document) The document was lost and there are no copies of it today.

Transylvania Purchase/ The Treaty of Sycamore Shoals

Transylvania Purchase/ The Treaty of Sycamore Shoals This was the purchase of much of Middle Tennessee (above the Cumberland River) and Kentucky made by Richard Henderson with the leaders of the Cherokee (Little Carpenter and Nancy Ward). Dragging Canoe was against the treaty. It was signed on March 4, 1775. This opens up Middle Tennessee for settlement.

James Robertson

James Robertson He brought 80 settlers to the Watauga area and created 4 settlements there (Nolichucky, Watauga, Carter’s Valley, and North-of-the-Holston). He was hired by Richard Henderson to bring s Settlers to Middle Tennessee over land. Known as the Father of Middle Tennessee

Richard Henderson

Richard Henderson He created the Transylvania Land Company. He employed Daniel Boone, John Donelson, and James Robertson to bring settlers into the areas of Tennessee and Kentucky that he purchased from the Cherokee. He made the Transylvania Purchase.

Little Carpenter

Little Carpenter One of the leaders of the Cherokee who supported having the British settlers in Tennessee. He and Nancy Ward supported the selling of the Transylvania Purchase to Richard Henderson. He signed the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals.

Dragging Canoe

Dragging Canoe He was opposed to the Transylvania Purchase – selling the lands of Tennessee and Kentucky to the Richard Henderson. He led a later led an attack on settlers at North-of-the-Holston during the American Revolution.