Sound and Hearing it.

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Presentation transcript:

Sound and Hearing it

Sound waves are… What type of waves are sound waves? Mechanical waves What does that mean? They have to move through a medium. More specifically, they are longitudinal waves They are made of compressions and rarefactions and cause the medium to vibrate in the same direction as the wave

Speed of sound Sound speed varies, depending on medium Travel fastest in solids, slowest in gases Speed of sound = 342 m/s (in air) THAT’S 765 mph! In water speed of sound = 1798 m/s Travels fastest in the most dense media Why?? Because the particles are closest together so they easily bump into each other passing the energy along Speed of Sound animation

Intensity Intensity is measured in decibels (db) Intensity: the rate at which a wave’s energy flows through an area Sound intensity depends on: Amplitude – density of compressions A greater amplitude (closer compression) means more energy is passing through the wave Distance from source - closer to source the more intense the vibrations This is why you can “feel” the bass when close to a speaker Intensity is measured in decibels (db)

Many people consider intensity and loudness to be the same thing, however…. Loudness is Subjective! This means it depends on the person who is hearing it It varies from person to person What is loud and obnoxious music to your parents may be just the perfect listening loudness for you

Frequency Frequency of a wave in general means how many waves appear in a given amount of time Frequency of a sound wave depends on how fast the source of the sound is vibrating The faster the source causes vibrations, the higher the frequency

Pitch How high or low a sound seems to be Depends on frequency (& therefore on wavelength) …high frequency (low l) sounds are high pitched …low frequency (high l) sounds are low pitched. Human ears hear sounds between 20 and 20,000 Hz. We hear best between 440 & 7000 Hz

The Doppler Effect (of sound waves) Doppler Effect: a change in sound frequency (pitch) caused by the motion of the sound source, the listener, or both. Why do we observe this? Note: The sound is still being produced at the same frequency at its source, the air compressions change frequency by movement of the source.

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