Civil Engineering and Architecture Structural Loads Part 1 Civil Engineering and Architecture Unit 6 Structures

Engineering Failures

In this lesson: Forces and Loads Beams and Columns Building Design Problem with calculations

Structure of a Building

Structural Characteristics Stability Strength Economic Value

Structural Elements Stringers or Beams Girders Columns Footings Connections

Steps in Structural Design Plan Create preliminary design Establish the loads Size the members Analyze the members Evaluate and compare to preliminary design Redesign

Design Loads: Live vs Dead Snow Live Load Roof Materials & Structure Dead Load Walls, Floors, Materials & Structure Occupants, Moveable Fixtures & Furniture

Typical Building Live Loads Please click here to obtain Live Load Chart.

Dead Loads Weight of the structure Electrical fixtures (steel, concrete, timber) Partitions/ Walls Ductwork Piping Electrical fixtures Floor coverings Roof coverings Ceiling

Typical Building Dead Loads Please click here to obtain Dead Load Chart.

Snow Loads Ground Snow Load (in NY State) Rochester, NY 50 lb/ft2 Albany, NY 55 lb/ft2 Watertown, NY 65 lb/ft2 White Plains, NY 45 lb/ft2

Design Loads: Wind WIND Pressure Uplift Suction

Designing for Wind Loads Dead Load Addition of Steel beams and bracing Floor slab

Design Loads: Earthquake

Structural Efficiency Dead Load Live Load Structural Efficiency Professional Development Lesson ID Code: 8008

Factor of Safety Dead Loads * 1.4 Live Loads * 1.7

Fixture and Occupancy DL &LL Loads and Load Paths Snow and/or Roof Load Fixture and Occupancy DL &LL Weigh of Structure DL Ground Reaction

Beam Design

Beam Deflection

Beam Deflection Formula L/240 of the total load Used if there is no plaster/drywall on underside L/360 of the total load Used if plaster/drywall is used

Beam Types Simple Continuous Cantilever Moment fixed at one end

Supports Pin Connection Roller Connection Fixed Support

Columns Designed for compression. F (External) WCOL (External) R1 (Internal) R2 (Internal) RSoil (External) WFTG (External) Designed for compression. Additional loads can cause bending in the columns.

Building Design Problem A Steel Framed Retail Building with Concrete Floors and Flat Roof Please click here to obtain Revit file of the building.

Second Floor Framing Girder Beam Column Footing

Design Steps

Curriculum Alignment: Unit 6 – Structural Engineering Lesson 6.1 – Introduction to Structural Engineering Act. 1.1 – Structural Calculations Act. 1.2 – More Load Calculations Lesson 6.2 – Roof Systems Lesson 6.3 – Columns and Beams

References: Jefferis, A. & Madsen, D.A. (2001). Architectural Drafting and Design, Albany, NY: Delmar Kane, K. & Onouye B., (2002). Statics and Strength of Materials for Architecture and Building Construction, 2nd ed., Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc Shaeffer, R.E. (2002). Elementary Structures for Architects and Builders, 4th ed.. Columbus, OH: Prentice Hall Manual of Steel Construction, 8th ed., American Institute of Steel Construction http://pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/lab/forces.html

Credits: Writer: Constance Bertucci Content Editor: Donna E. Scribner Narration: Donna E. Scribner PLTW Editor: Ed Hughes Production: CJ Amarosa Video Production: CJ Amarosa Audio: CJ Amarosa Project Manager: Donna E. Scribner