1. Unit 2 – Concepts of Construction FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

2. Unit 2 Seminar Topics  Variety of Forces  Types of Loads  Structural Members and Structural Connections FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

3. Variety of Forces  Gravity Exerts a continued force on a building The gravity resistance system Unintended loads imposed by fire  Three Type of Forces Compression Tension Torsion FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

4. Types of Loads  Definition of Loads  Forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

5. Types of Loads  Stress and Strain  Dead Load ○ The weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached  Live Load ○ Any Load other than a dead load ○ Concentrated Load FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

6. Types of Loads  Impact Loads ○ Loads Delivered Quickly  Static Loads ○ Applied Slowly and Constant  Repeated Loads ○ Applied Intermittently  Wind Loads ○ Applied by the Wind FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

7. Types of Loads  Axial Load ○ A force that passes through the centroid of the section  Fire Load ○ Represents the potential fuel available to a fire and the total amount of potential energy (heat) in the fuel  Suspended Loads ○ Suspended from a ceiling or other structure FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

8. Structural Members and Connections  Composite Materials ○ Steel and Concrete ○ Brick and Block Composite Wall FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

9. Structural Members and Connections  Structural Elements ○ Beams, columns, arches, and walls ○ Differ on how they support and transfer weight ○ Structural frames FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

10. Structural Members and Connections  Beams ○ Transmits forces perpendicular to the reaction points Simple- Built-Up Girder Continuous- Spandrel Girder Fixed- Lintel Overhanging- Grillage Bracket- Cantilever Beam Joist- Suspended Beam Girder- Transfer Beam FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

11. Structural Members and Connections  Columns Transmit a compressive force along a straight path I-Beams vs. H-Beam FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

12. Structural Members and Connections  Transmit the compressive forces applied along the top or received at any point  Main divisions of walls: ○ Load-bearing ○ Non-load-bearing ○ Cross ○ Veneer ○ Composite ○ Header ○ Stretcher FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

13. Structural Members and Connections  Main divisions of walls (con’t): ○ Panel ○ Curtain ○ Party ○ Fire ○ Partition ○ Demising ○ Rubble masonry ○ Wythe FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

14. Structural Members and Connections  Connections ○ Transfer the load from one structural element to another ○ Only as strong as its weakest link ○ Pinned ○ Rigid-Framed Building ○ Monolithic Concrete ○ Wet Joint ○ Plastic Design FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction

15. Summary  Variety of Forces  Types of Loads  Structural Members and Structural Connections FS102: Unit 2 - Concepts of Construction