Sustainability Analysis for Alternative Roofing Materials to Reduce Asbestos Use in Sri Lanka Student Name :Nuwan Ariyawansha Academic supervisor :Professor Yabar Helmut Student ID ：201726050 1

Outline of Presentation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Background of Research Research Question Objectives of the Research Data Collection Study Area Methodology Results Discussion Future Work

1 Background of Research According to the World Health Organization; All types of asbestos cause lung cancers. For example Asbestosis and Mesothelioma are the most common cancers. Source:-http://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/asbestos/en/-cited 2018/2/6 3

1 Background of Research 1.1 Asbestos banned nations around the world According to the International Ban Asbestos Secretariat; Asbestos is banned in 55 countries worldwide. However, it has not been banned in China, Russia, India, Canada and the United States. Asbestos banned nations 4 Source http://www.asbestosnation.org/facts/asbestos-bans-around-the-world/-cited 2018/02/06

1 Background of Research 1.2 Asbestos limiting policy decisions in Sri Lanka 1987 Blue Asbestos (Crocidolite) banned Government decided to limit the White Asbestos( Chrysotile) and promote substitutes from 2018-01-01 2016 Government changed the above decision and emphasis more study to limit the White Asbestos. 2017 Source :-http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.lk/ 5

1 Background of Research 1.3 Principal roofing materials distribution of occupied housing units 2001 2012 8% 1%2% 2% 0.20% 0.90% 10.30% 4.10% 14% 47.50% 2% 55% 18% 35.10% Tile Concrete Cadjan/Palmyrah/Straw Not reported Asbestos Metal sheet Other Tile Concrete Metal Sheet Other Asbestos Zink Aluminium Sheet Cadjan/palmyrah Straw Source：-Department of Census and Statistics 2001 and 2012

1 Background of Research 1.4 Variation of Asbestos and Zinc Aluminum import to Sri Lanka 70000 y = 2085.2x - 4E+06 60000 50000 Import Quantity/(Tons) Asbestos Zinc Aluminium 40000 30000 20000 y = 1878.9x - 4E+06 10000 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Year 7 Source：- Sri Lanka Customs

2 Research Question How can Sri Lankan government implement a long lasting national policy to limit Asbestos in construction industry, while supporting the country’s economy, national health, and selecting alternative roofing materials?

3 Objectives of the Research To identify clustering pattern of roofing materials use in Sri Lanka. To observe spatial and temporal variation of roofing materials in the country. To propose suitable measures to government to reduce Asbestos and identify alternative materials.

4 Data Collection Primary Data Production quantity and Electricity consumption data from three clay tile factories and two Zinc Aluminum factories. Secondary Data Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Customs data. Academic Journals, publications, etc..

5 Study Area 322divisions in 25 districts

6 Methodology 2001 Statistical Data 2012 Statistical Data Alternative material manufacturing data Asbestos Clay tile Zinc Aluminum Asbestos Clay tile Divisional Secretary Division Clay tile Zinc Aluminum Divisional Secretary Division Input the Percentage of roof materials Optimized hot spot analysis Life Cycle Assessment Cold spot-99% Confidence Cold spot-95% Confidence Cold spot-90% Confidence Not significant Hot spot-90% Confidence Hot spot-95% Confidence Hot spot-99% Confidence Global Warming Potential (GWP) Acidification Potential (AP) Health Impact Potential (HIP). Spatial and Temporal changes Environmental Effect Suitable mitigation measures to reduce asbestos usage and promote alternatives 12

7 Results 7.1 Asbestos clustering pattern 2001-2012 13

7 Results 7.2 Clay tile clustering pattern 2001-2012 14

7 Results 7.3 Zinc Aluminum clustering pattern 2012

7 Results Hot spots and cold spots of Tile, Asbestos and Zinc Aluminum (% of Administrative divisions to the total) Tile Asbestos Zn/Al 2001 2012 Cold spot-99% Confidence 21.27 32.46 19.78 25.75 26.87 Cold spot-95% Confidence 10.45 4.85 6.34 4.10 3.73 Cold spot90% Confidence 2.61 1.49 3.36 Not significant 42.16 26.49 30.22 35.45 Hot spot90% Confidence 1.87 2.99 1.12 Hot spot95% Confidence 7.84 Hot spot99% Confidence 17.91 30.60 Total 100.00

7 Results Summary of Hot spots and cold spots of Tile, Asbestos and Zinc Aluminum (% of Administrative divisions to the total) Material Tile Asbestos Zn/Al Year 2001 2012 Cold spot 34.33 38.81 29.85 33.21 32.09 Not significant 42.16 26.49 30.22 35.45 Hot spot 23.51 34.70 27.99 36.57 32.46 100.00

8 Discussion Asbestos hot spots are concentrated in developed areas in 2001 (Colombo and Kandy). New Asbestos hot spots have been forming in the Northern section of the country. Clay tile hot spots are concentrated in Southern and North-Western parts of the country in 2001. A new Clay tile hot spot has been formed in the South-Eastern section, and hot spot in the North-Western section has expanded. Zinc Aluminum hot spots are formed in the central part of the country in 2012.

9 Future Work Identify Socio-economic factors for roofing materials usage based on the Hot spot analysis. Calculation of Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP) and Health Impact Potential (HIP). Policy study for reducing asbestos usage.