1. Scenario Analysis Based on Life Cycle Assessment Approach
Research title
Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Ha Long bay
Scenario Analysis Based on Life Cycle Assessment Approach
Supervisor: Presenter:
Associate Professor Helmut Yabar Hoang Duong

2. Content Research Objective Concept Methodology Study area
Modelling scenarios LCA and results

3. 1. Research Objectives
Analyzing the current situation of MSW management in Ha Long bay area;
Proposing and assessing alternative MSW management scenarios in term of environmental and economic aspects; and
Finding out suitable places for MSW facilities by using GIS data and national/provincial criteria in term of sustainable development

4. 2. Concept
Municipal solid waste (MSW) refers to wastes generated from households, businesses and office;
Several different technologies using to treat MSW:
Waste biological treatment
Material recycling
Incineration
Landfill

5. 2. Concept (cont.)
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach: a system to assess the environmental impact potential related to a product, process
Table 1. LCA framework (Source: ISO 2006)

6. 3. Study area Located within Quang Ninh province in northeast Vietnam;
World Heritage Site;
Mainly economic activities: mining; tourist; service; and
Current situation of solid waste management (2015):
Generated 115 thousand tons/year;
Collect rate 90%;
No official recycling facility;
Most of collected waste is disposed at 2 landfill without LFG collection system;
Source: Nippon Koei Co., LTD, 2013, Project completion report “The project for Environmental Protection in Halong bay”

7. 3. Methodology
Collecting secondary data from official sources such as the amount, the composition of the waste;
Using LCA model - IWM-II (Integrate waste management
–II) software to analyze the input and output data of municipal solid waste management in Ha Long bay; and
Using Arc GIS software to optimize landfill site selecting.

8. 4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software)
Scenario 1 (S-1): Mixed waste collection, unsanitary landfill without LFG collection
Informal Recycle
Materials
Mixed
collection
Unsanitary landfill without LFG collection

9. 4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software)
Scenario 2 (S-2): Mixed waste collection, sanitary landfill with LFG collection
Informal Recycle
Materials
Mixed
collection
Sanitary landfill with LFG collection

10. 4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software)
Scenario 3 (S-3): Separated waste in source, recycling, sanitary landfill with LFG collection, Bio treatment
Recycling
Materials
Separated
waste
Bio gasification/Compost
Product/ Energy
Sanitary landfill with LFG collection

11. 4. Modelling scenarios by LCA (IWM II software)
Scenario 4 (S-4): Separated waste in source, recycling, sanitary landfill with LFG collection, Bio treatment,
incineration
Recycling
Materials
Separated
waste
Bio gasification/Compost
Product/ Energy
Sanitary landfill with LFG collection
Incineration
Energy

12. 5. Results
Table 2. BOD potential
Table 1 . GWP potential
Landfill gas collection and recovery or flaring can reduce GWP value compare to S-1 without landfill gas collection
Water is polluted by leachate from landfill and recycling in some cases. The water pollution potential reduces from S-1 to S-4 due to the reduction of the waste amount sent to the landfill

13. References
Quang Ninh Provincial People’s Committee, 2014, Environmental planning in Ha Long bay to 2020 vision to 2030
IUCN, 2015, Situation Analysis of the Water Quality of Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam
IUCN, 2016, Ha Long Bay boat waste collection and treatment
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Hoang, Phuong Chi, 2005, Audit of Solid Waste from Hotels and Composting Trial in Ha Long city, Vietnam

14. THANK YOU!