Primary Growth and Secondary Growth

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Presentation transcript:

Primary Growth and Secondary Growth The Growth of Plants Primary Growth and Secondary Growth

Primary Growth Secondary Growth

Primary Growth Plants grow continuously because they have meristem cells Undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to undergo Mitosis and hence produce new cells

Apical Meristem

Primary Growth due to Apical Meristems Plants have 2 apical meristems: at the tips of the root & at the tips of the buds What is the purpose of Primary Growth? A process called Primary Growth produces the new cells that allow a plant to grow in length!

Meristem cells Meristem cells make 3 types of tissues: Vascular Tissue Provides support Transports water, nutrients (Xylem) Transports photosynthetic products (Phloem) Ground Tissue Bulk of plants body Responsible for photosynthesis Epidermal Tissue The “skin”, covering entire plant protection

Dermal, Ground & Vascular Tissue

Secondary Growth Increases the width Purpose: Increase of vascular tissue Structural support Secondary Growth produces wood

Secondary Growth Has a ring of meristem cells: Vascular cambium Produces Xylem & Phloem tubules New cells that develop on the outside of the vascular cambium turn into Phloem New cells that develop on the inside of the cambium vascular turn into Xylem

Secondary Growth

The Structure of a Tree Trunk

3 main parts … Heartwood Sapwood Bark Dead Provides structural support Xylem tissue Bark Inner bark: Phloem Outer bark:

The Structure of a Tree Trunk Rays radiate laterally across the Xylem… Rays move water & nutrients laterally across the stem

Let’s draw the structures of a tree trunk … Heartwood Vascular cambium Bark Xylem Phloem Rays

Growth Rings … Natural Phenomenon: The vascular cambium stops the growth during a portion of the year No growth = dormancy occurs during the winter in cold climates Growth begins again during the spring season

Growth Rings .. 1 growth ring = 1 year Wider rings, good rainy years Smaller, darker band Larger, lighter band Wider rings, good rainy years Narrow rings, cold, dry years